Autophagy-related protein 16-1

Definition:

Plays an essential role in both canonical and non-canonical autophagy: interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the lipidation to ATG8 family proteins (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, MAP1LC3C, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 and GABARAP). Acts as a molecular hub, coordinating autophagy pathways via distinct domains that support either canonical or non-canonical signaling. During canonical autophagy, interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to ATG8 proteins, to produce a membrane-bound activated form of ATG8. Thereby, controls the elongation of the nascent autophagosomal membrane. Also involved in non-canonical autophagy, a parallel pathway involving conjugation of ATG8 proteins to single membranes at endolysosomal compartments, probably by catalyzing conjugation of phosphatidylserine (PS) to ATG8. Non-canonical autophagy plays a key role in epithelial cells to limit lethal infection by influenza A (IAV) virus (By similarity). Regulates mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) production. Negatively regulates NOD1- and NOD2-driven inflammatory cytokine response. Instead, promotes with NOD2 an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway. Plays a role in regulating morphology and function of Paneth cell.

References:

[1]. Taki Nishimura, et al. FIP200 regulates targeting of Atg16L1 to the isolation membrane. EMBO Rep. 2013 Mar 1;14(3):284-91. [Content Brief]

[2]. Aditya Murthy, et al. A Crohn's disease variant in Atg16l1 enhances its degradation by caspase 3. Nature. 2014 Feb 27;506(7489):456-62. [Content Brief]

[3]. Emilio Boada-Romero, et al. TMEM59 defines a novel ATG16L1-binding motif that promotes local activation of LC3. EMBO J. 2013 Feb 20;32(4):566-82. [Content Brief]

[4]. Joanne Durgan, et al. Non-canonical autophagy drives alternative ATG8 conjugation to phosphatidylserine. Mol Cell. 2021 May 6;81(9):2031-2040.e8. [Content Brief]

[5]. Emilio Boada-Romero, et al. The T300A Crohn's disease risk polymorphism impairs function of the WD40 domain of ATG16L1. Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 8;7:11821. [Content Brief]

[6]. Yu Lei, et al. The mitochondrial proteins NLRX1 and TUFM form a complex that regulates type I interferon and autophagy. Immunity. 2012 Jun 29;36(6):933-46. [Content Brief]

[7]. Ken Cadwell, et al. A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells. Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):259-63. [Content Brief]

[8]. Katherine Fletcher, et al. The WD40 domain of ATG16L1 is required for its non-canonical role in lipidation of LC3 at single membranes. EMBO J. 2018 Feb 15;37(4):e97840. [Content Brief]

[9]. Hannah C Dooley, et al. WIPI2 links LC3 conjugation with PI3P, autophagosome formation, and pathogen clearance by recruiting Atg12-5-16L1. Mol Cell. 2014 Jul 17;55(2):238-52. [Content Brief]

[10]. Alf Håkon Lystad, et al. Distinct functions of ATG16L1 isoforms in membrane binding and LC3B lipidation in autophagy-related processes. Nat Cell Biol. 2019 Mar;21(3):372-383. [Content Brief]

[11]. Craig R Homer, et al. ATG16L1 and NOD2 interact in an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway implicated in Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2010 Nov;139(5):1630-41, 1641.e1-2. [Content Brief]

[12]. Wesley A Grimm, et al. The Thr300Ala variant in ATG16L1 is associated with improved survival in human colorectal cancer and enhanced production of type I interferon. Gut. 2016 Mar;65(3):456-64. [Content Brief]

[13]. Matthew T Sorbara, et al. The protein ATG16L1 suppresses inflammatory cytokines induced by the intracellular sensors Nod1 and Nod2 in an autophagy-independent manner. Immunity. 2013 Nov 14;39(5):858-73. [Content Brief]

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