C-C motif chemokine 5

Definition:

Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The second processed form RANTES(4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES(1-68) and RANTES(3-68). May also be an agonist of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR75, stimulating inositol trisphosphate production and calcium mobilization through its activation. Together with GPR75, may play a role in neuron survival through activation of a downstream signaling pathway involving the PI3, Akt and MAP kinases. By activating GPR75 may also play a role in insulin secretion by islet cells.

References:

[1]. Corinne Capoulade-Métay, et al. A natural CCL5/RANTES variant antagonist for CCR1 and CCR3. Immunogenetics. 2006 Jul;58(7):533-41. [Content Brief]

[2]. Jean K Lim, et al. Multiple pathways of amino terminal processing produce two truncated variants of RANTES/CCL5. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Aug;78(2):442-52. [Content Brief]

[3]. Y Kameyoshi, et al. Cytokine RANTES released by thrombin-stimulated platelets is a potent attractant for human eosinophils. J Exp Med. 1992 Aug 1;176(2):587-92. [Content Brief]

[4]. F Cocchi, et al. Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1811-5. [Content Brief]

[5]. A Ignatov, et al. RANTES stimulates Ca2+ mobilization and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) formation in cells transfected with G protein-coupled receptor 75. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;149(5):490-7. [Content Brief]

[6]. P Proost, et al. Amino-terminal truncation of chemokines by CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV. Conversion of RANTES into a potent inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis and HIV-1-infection. J Biol Chem. 1998 Mar 27;273(13):7222-7. [Content Brief]

[7]. Bo Liu, et al. The novel chemokine receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 75, is expressed by islets and is coupled to stimulation of insulin secretion and improved glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia. 2013 Nov;56(11):2467-76. [Content Brief]

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