Insulin-like growth factor I

Definition:

The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation. Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb (By similarity). Acts as a ligand for IGF1R. Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1.

References:

[1]. Masaaki Fujita, et al. An integrin binding-defective mutant of insulin-like growth factor-1 (R36E/R37E IGF1) acts as a dominant-negative antagonist of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and suppresses tumorigenesis but still binds to IGF1R. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 5;288(27):19593-603. [Content Brief]

[2]. Masaaki Fujita, et al. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling requires αvβ3-IGF1-IGF type 1 receptor (IGF1R) ternary complex formation in anchorage independence, and the complex formation does not require IGF1R and Src activation. J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 1;288(5):3059-69. [Content Brief]

[3]. Masaaki Fujita, et al. Cross-talk between integrin α6β4 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) through direct α6β4 binding to IGF1 and subsequent α6β4-IGF1-IGF1R ternary complex formation in anchorage-independent conditions. J Biol Chem. 2012 Apr 6;287(15):12491-500. [Content Brief]

[4]. Aleksandr Shcheglovitov, et al. SHANK3 and IGF1 restore synaptic deficits in neurons from 22q13 deletion syndrome patients. Nature. 2013 Nov 14;503(7475):267-71. [Content Brief]

[5]. E Zoidis, et al. Stimulation of glucose transport in osteoblastic cells by parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor I. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011 Feb;348(1-2):33-42. [Content Brief]

[6]. Jun Saegusa, et al. The direct binding of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to integrin alphavbeta3 is involved in IGF-1 signaling. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 4;284(36):24106-14. [Content Brief]

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