Interleukin-13

Definition:

Cytokine that plays important roles in allergic inflammation and immune response to parasite infection. Synergizes with IL2 in regulating interferon-gamma synthesis. Stimulates B-cell proliferation, and activation of eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. Plays an important role in controlling IL33 activity by modulating the production of transmembrane and soluble forms of interleukin-1 receptor-like 1/IL1RL1 (By similarity). Displays the capacity to antagonize Th1-driven proinflammatory immune response and downregulates synthesis of many proinflammatory cytokines including IL1, IL6, IL10, IL12 and TNF-alpha through a mechanism that partially involves suppression of NF-kappa-B (By similarity). Functions also on nonhematopoietic cells, including endothelial cells where it induces vascular cell adhesion protein 1/VCAM1, which is important in the recruitment of eosinophils. Exerts its biological effects through its receptors which comprises the IL4R chain and the IL13RA1 chain, to activate JAK1 and TYK2, leading to the activation of STAT6. Aside from IL13RA1, another receptor IL13RA2 acts as a high affinity decoy for IL13 and mediates internalization and depletion of extracellular IL13.

References:

[1]. T Defrance, et al. Interleukin 13 is a B cell stimulating factor. J Exp Med. 1994 Jan 1;179(1):135-43. [Content Brief]

[2]. A Minty, et al. Interleukin-13 is a new human lymphokine regulating inflammatory and immune responses. Nature. 1993 Mar 18;362(6417):248-50. [Content Brief]

[3]. Marion T Kasaian, et al. IL-13 antibodies influence IL-13 clearance in humans by modulating scavenger activity of IL-13Rα2. J Immunol. 2011 Jul 1;187(1):561-9. [Content Brief]

[4]. A N McKenzie, et al. Interleukin 13, a T-cell-derived cytokine that regulates human monocyte and B-cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3735-9. [Content Brief]

[5]. B Miloux, et al. Cloning of the human IL-13R alpha1 chain and reconstitution with the IL4R alpha of a functional IL-4/IL-13 receptor complex. FEBS Lett. 1997 Jan 20;401(2-3):163-6. [Content Brief]

[6]. W Luttmann, et al. Activation of human eosinophils by IL-13. Induction of CD69 surface antigen, its relationship to messenger RNA expression, and promotion of cellular viability. J Immunol. 1996 Aug 15;157(4):1678-83. [Content Brief]

[7]. B Schnyder, et al. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 bind to a shared heterodimeric complex on endothelial cells mediating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induction in the absence of the common gamma chain. Blood. 1996 May 15;87(10):4286-95. [Content Brief]

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