Major depressive disorder

Definition:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disorder mainly characterized by depressed mood, loss of interest, feelings of worthlessness, and a high risk of suicide. Accumulated evidence suggests that both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the etiology of MDD although the pathogenesis of MDD remains unknown. Mutations in genes involved in brain serotonin synthesis, have been identified in patients. Brain serotonin deficiency has been hypothesized to play a role in a wide range of psychiatric diseases, including MDD. Several efficacious treatments for MDD are available, including different forms of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication. Recently, selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, SNRIs,) have become the first-line antidepressant drug treatment of depression and replaced tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) due to fewer side-effects and ease of use.

References:

[1]. Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz, et al. FKBP5 polymorphism is associated with major depression but not with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2014 Aug;164:33-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Antonio Bruno, et al. The Role of Levomilnacipran in the Management of Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(2):191-9. [Content Brief]

[3]. Benjamin D Sachs, et al. Serotonin deficiency alters susceptibility to the long-term consequences of adverse early life experience. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015 Mar;53:69-81. [Content Brief]

[4]. Pim Cuijpers, et al. The efficacy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in treating depressive and anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of direct comparisons. World Psychiatry. 2013 Jun;12(2):137-48. [Content Brief]

[5]. Ying Zhang, et al. A systematic review of Chinese randomized clinical trials of SSRI treatment of depression. BMC Psychiatry. 2014 Aug 27;14:245. [Content Brief]

[6]. Zhenghua Hou, et al. Prognostic value of imbalanced interhemispheric functional coordination in early therapeutic efficacy in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2016 Sep 30;255:1-8. [Content Brief]

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