Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2

Definition:

Catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets. Exhibits a strong preference for the hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acid esters at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone and acts coordinately with LIPE/HLS and DGAT2 within the lipolytic cascade (By similarity). Also possesses acylglycerol transacylase and phospholipase A2 activities. Transfers fatty acid from triglyceride to retinol, hydrolyzes retinylesters, and generates 1,3-diacylglycerol from triglycerides. Regulates adiposome size and may be involved in the degradation of adiposomes. May play an important role in energy homeostasis (By similarity). May play a role in the response of the organism to starvation, enhancing hydrolysis of triglycerides and providing free fatty acids to other tissues to be oxidized in situations of energy depletion (By similarity).

References:

[1]. Christopher M Jenkins, et al. Identification, cloning, expression, and purification of three novel human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 family members possessing triacylglycerol lipase and acylglycerol transacylase activities. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 19;279(47):48968-75. [Content Brief]

[2]. Elena Smirnova, et al. ATGL has a key role in lipid droplet/adiposome degradation in mammalian cells. EMBO Rep. 2006 Jan;7(1):106-13. [Content Brief]

[3]. Robert Zimmermann, et al. Fat mobilization in adipose tissue is promoted by adipose triglyceride lipase. Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1383-6. [Content Brief]

[4]. Jay G Gao, et al. A comparative study of human GS2, its paralogues, and its rat orthologue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Aug 24;360(2):501-6. [Content Brief]

[5]. Andrew C Lake, et al. Expression, regulation, and triglyceride hydrolase activity of Adiponutrin family members. J Lipid Res. 2005 Nov;46(11):2477-87. [Content Brief]

[6]. Lianggong Ding, et al. Peroxisomal β-oxidation acts as a sensor for intracellular fatty acids and regulates lipolysis. Nat Metab. 2021 Dec;3(12):1648-1661. [Content Brief]

[7]. Luigi Notari, et al. Identification of a lipase-linked cell membrane receptor for pigment epithelium-derived factor. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):38022-37. [Content Brief]

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