Definition:

[Isoform A]: Non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase that catalyzes the stereo-specific peroxidation of free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generating a spectrum of bioactive lipid mediators (Probable). It inserts peroxyl groups at C15 of arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate) producing (15S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoate/(15S)-HPETE (Probable). Also peroxidizes linoleate ((9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate) to 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate/13-HPODE (Probable). Oxygenates arachidonyl derivatives such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) leading to the production and extracellular release of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl glycerol (15-HETE-G) that acts as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist. Has the ability to efficiently class-switch ALOX5 pro-inflammatory mediators into anti-inflammatory intermediates. Participates in the sequential oxidations of DHA ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate) to generate specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) resolvin D5 ((7S,17S)-diHPDHA), which can actively down-regulate the immune response and have anti-aggregation properties with platelets. In addition to free PUFAs hydrolyzed from phospholipids, it directly oxidizes PUFAs esterified to membrane-bound phospholipids. Has no detectable 8S-lipoxygenase activity on arachidonate but reacts with (8S)-HPETE to produce (8S,15S)-diHPETE (Probable). May regulate progression through the cell cycle and cell proliferation. May also regulate cytokine secretion by macrophages and therefore play a role in the immune response. May also regulate macrophage differentiation into proatherogenic foam cells.; [Isoform B]: Does not convert arachidonic acid to 15S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/(15S)-HPETE.