Rho-associated protein kinase 2

Definition:

Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of ADD1, BRCA2, CNN1, EZR, DPYSL2, EP300, MSN, MYL9/MLC2, NPM1, RDX, PPP1R12A and VIM. Phosphorylates SORL1 and IRF4. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Positively regulates the activation of p42/MAPK1-p44/MAPK3 and of p90RSK/RPS6KA1 during myogenic differentiation. Plays an important role in the timely initiation of centrosome duplication. Inhibits keratinocyte terminal differentiation. May regulate closure of the eyelids and ventral body wall through organization of actomyosin bundles. Plays a critical role in the regulation of spine and synaptic properties in the hippocampus. Plays an important role in generating the circadian rhythm of the aortic myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity and vascular contractility by modulating the myosin light chain phosphorylation.

References:

[1]. Toru Tanaka, et al. Nuclear Rho kinase, ROCK2, targets p300 acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 2;281(22):15320-9. [Content Brief]

[2]. Frances E Lock, et al. Distinct roles for ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation. PLoS One. 2009 Dec 4;4(12):e8190. [Content Brief]

[3]. Y Kawano, et al. Phosphorylation of myosin-binding subunit (MBS) of myosin phosphatase by Rho-kinase in vivo. J Cell Biol. 1999 Nov 29;147(5):1023-38. [Content Brief]

[4]. Zhiyong Ma, et al. Interaction between ROCK II and nucleophosmin/B23 in the regulation of centrosome duplication. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Dec;26(23):9016-34. [Content Brief]

[5]. Yuepeng Wang, et al. ROCK isoform regulation of myosin phosphatase and contractility in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 2009 Feb 27;104(4):531-40. [Content Brief]

[6]. Jeremy H Herskowitz, et al. Rho kinase II phosphorylation of the lipoprotein receptor LR11/SORLA alters amyloid-beta production. J Biol Chem. 2011 Feb 25;286(8):6117-27. [Content Brief]

[7]. Hui-Feng Wang, et al. BRCA2 and nucleophosmin coregulate centrosome amplification and form a complex with the Rho effector kinase ROCK2. Cancer Res. 2011 Jan 1;71(1):68-77. [Content Brief]

[8]. Michael Sebbagh, et al. Direct cleavage of ROCK II by granzyme B induces target cell membrane blebbing in a caspase-independent manner. J Exp Med. 2005 Feb 7;201(3):465-71. [Content Brief]

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