Small cell lung cancer

Definition:

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men and women in industrialized countries. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm, which accounts for approximately 25% of all lung cancer cases. Molecular mechanisms altered in SCLC include induced expression of oncogene, MYC, and loss of tumorsuppressor genes, such as p53, PTEN, RB, and FHIT. The overexpression of MYC proteins in SCLC is largely a result of gene amplification. Such overexpression leads to more rapid proliferation and loss of terminal differentiation. Mutation or deletion of p53 or PTEN can lead to more rapid proliferation and reduced apoptosis. The retinoblastoma gene RB1 encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that helps to regulate cell-cycle progression. The fragile histidine triad gene FHIT encodes the enzyme diadenosine triphosphate hydrolase, which is thought to have an indirect role in proapoptosis and cell-cycle control.

References:

[1]. A Yokomizo, et al. PTEN/MMAC1 mutations identified in small cell, but not in non-small cell lung cancers. Oncogene. 1998 Jul 30;17(4):475-9. [Content Brief]

[2]. Anna D Panani, et al. Cytogenetic and molecular aspects of lung cancer. Cancer Lett. 2006 Jul 28;239(1):1-9. [Content Brief]

[3]. D W Yandell, et al. Oncogenic point mutations in the human retinoblastoma gene: their application to genetic counseling. N Engl J Med. 1989 Dec 21;321(25):1689-95. [Content Brief]

[4]. Edward T Olejniczak, et al. Integrative genomic analysis of small-cell lung carcinoma reveals correlates of sensitivity to bcl-2 antagonists and uncovers novel chromosomal gains. Mol Cancer Res. 2007 Apr;5(4):331-9. [Content Brief]

[5]. G Sozzi, et al. The FHIT gene 3p14.2 is abnormal in lung cancer. Cell. 1996 Apr 5;85(1):17-26. [Content Brief]

[6]. Jun Yokota, et al. Genetic alterations responsible for metastatic phenotypes of lung cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2003;20(3):189-93. [Content Brief]

[7]. Montserrat Sanchez-Cespedes, et al. Dissecting the genetic alterations involved in lung carcinogenesis. Lung Cancer. 2003 May;40(2):111-21. [Content Brief]

[8]. S S Wang, et al. Alterations of the PPP2R1B gene in human lung and colon cancer. Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):284-7. [Content Brief]

[9]. T Takahashi, et al. p53: a frequent target for genetic abnormalities in lung cancer. Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):491-4. [Content Brief]

[10]. Yasuhiro Mitsuuchi, et al. Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of lung cancer. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Oct 30;115(3):183-8. [Content Brief]

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