Staphylococcal infection

Definition:

Staphylococci are widespread as commensals of humans and animals where they colonize the skin or mucous membranes. Firstly, Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a most unusual coagulase-negative staphylococcus found on the human skin. It can cause infections at many sites including superficial skin infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and breast abscess. Endocarditis caused by S. lugdunensis can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Secondly, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, found among the normal skin flora, is commonly isolated from the axillae, perineum, and inguinal areas of humans and causes septicemia, peritonitis, otitis, and urinary tract infections. S. haemolyticus is notorious for its multidrug resistance and historically early acquisition of resistance to methicillin and glycopeptide antibiotics. Finally, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an important opportunistic pathogen of dogs and cats. S. pseudintermedius colonization is very uncommon in humans. It is rarely isolated from human dog-bite wounds. The infection has been associated with wide range of symptoms such as bacteremia, a brain abscess, and pneumonia.

References:

[1]. Alyona Klotchko, et al. Staphylococcus lugdunensis: an emerging pathogen. South Med J. 2011 Jul;104(7):509-14. [Content Brief]

[2]. Anish Chopra, et al. Intracardiac lead endocarditis due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Sep;14 Suppl 3:e291-3. [Content Brief]

[3]. Engeline van Duijkeren, et al. Review on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Dec;66(12):2705-14. [Content Brief]

[4]. Fumihiko Takeuchi, et al. Whole-genome sequencing of staphylococcus haemolyticus uncovers the extreme plasticity of its genome and the evolution of human-colonizing staphylococcal species. J Bacteriol. 2005 Nov;187(21):7292-308. [Content Brief]

[5]. J Ross Fitzgerald, et al. The Staphylococcus intermedius group of bacterial pathogens: species re-classification, pathogenesis and the emergence of meticillin resistance. Vet Dermatol. 2009 Oct;20(5-6):490-5. [Content Brief]

[6]. J Scott Weese, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in veterinary medicine. Vet Microbiol. 2010 Jan 27;140(3-4):418-29. [Content Brief]

[7]. Po-Yen Liu, et al. Staphylococcus lugdunensis infective endocarditis: a literature review and analysis of risk factors. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2010 Dec;43(6):478-84. [Content Brief]

[8]. Surinder Pada, et al. Utility of 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing in the diagnosis of Staphylococcus lugdunensis native valve infective endocarditis: case report and literature review. Int J Infect Dis. 2009 Nov;13(6):e511-3. [Content Brief]

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