Dihydrokainic acid 

Dihydrokainic acid is a glutamate transporters (especially GLT1) inhibitor. Dihydrokainic acid targets GLT1 with high affinity, effectively inhibiting its transport function. Dihydrokainic acid exerts its effect by inhibiting the uptake of glutamate, leading to an increase in extracellular glutamate concentration, thereby affecting neuronal excitability and neurotransmission. Dihydrokainic acid is mainly applied in the field of neuroscience for research on glutamate-related neural functions, epilepsy, learning, and memory^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

Dihydrokainic acid (5 mM; treating cerebellar slices for 15 min) inhibits the uptake of D-[³H]aspartate by cerebellar slices in a concentration-dependent manner^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Dihydrokainic acid (1-10 mM; perfused through a dialysis probe; for 60 min; single administration) in the rat dentate gyrus model can evoke epileptiform activity, increase the extracellular concentrations of taurine, alanine, phosphoethanolamine, glutamate, and aspartate, increase the amplitude of population spikes and the PS2:PSI ratio^[3]. Dihydrokainic acid (12.5-25 nmol; i.c.v; single administration) in the mouse novel object recognition (NOR) memory model impairs short-term NOR memory performance, long-term NOR memory acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval^[4]. Dihydrokainic acid (1-5 mM; perfused through a dialytrode; for 15 min; single administration) can significantly increase the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and taurine in the rat hippocampus (dentate gyrus or CA1 region) model and reduces the field excitatory postsynaptic potential but increases the population spike, while in the CA1 region, it decreases the amplitudes of both the excitatory postsynaptic potential and the spike in the dentate gyrus^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

215.25

C₁₀H₁₇NO₄

52497-36-6

Solid

White to off-white

O=C(O)C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC[C@@H]1C(C)C

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. Lehmann A, et al. Dihydrokainic acid affects extracellular taurine and phosphoethanolamine levels in the hippocampus. Neuroscience Letters, 1983, 38(1): 67-72.

  [2]. Bouazzaoui M, et al. Kainic acid, AMPA, and dihydrokainic acid effect on uptake and efflux of D-[3H] aspartic acid in cerebellar slices. Neurochem Res. 1996 Dec;21(12):1527-33.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Butcher SP, et al. On the epileptogenic effects of kainic acid and dihydrokainic acid in the dentate gyrus of the rat. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Apr;27(4):375-81.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Tian SW, et al. Glutamate transporter GLT1 inhibitor dihydrokainic acid impairs novel object recognition memory performance in mice. Physiol Behav. 2019 Feb 1;199:28-32.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Muñoz M D, et al. Effects of dihydrokainic acid of extracellular amino acids and neuronal excitability in the in vivo rat hippocampus. Neuropharmacology, 1987, 26(1): 1-8.