Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-substituted derivatives of the potent antiherpes agent (north)-methanocarbathymine

The conformationally locked nucleoside, (north)-methanocarbathymine (1a), is a potent and selective anti-herpes agent effective against herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1) and type 2 (HSV2) viruses. Hereby, we report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a small set of 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides belonging to the same class of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleosides. Both the 5-bromovinyl (4) and the 5-bromo analogue (3) appeared to be exclusive substrates of HSV1 thymidine kinase (TK), contrasting with the 5-iodo analogue (2), which was significantly phosphorylated by the human cytosolic TK. The binding affinity constant and catalytic turnover for HSV1 TK were measured to assess the influence of the substitution on these parameters. In the plaque reduction and cytotoxicity assays, the 5-bromo analogue (3) showed good activity against HSV1 and HSV2 with less general toxicity than 1a. Against varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the north-locked 5-bromovinyl analogue (4) proved to be as potent as its conformationally unlocked 2'-deoxyriboside equivalent BVDU. The three compounds were also tested in vitro as prodrugs used in a gene therapy context on three osteosarcoma cell lines, either deficient in TK (TK(-)), nontransduced, or stably transduced with HSV1 TK. The 5-iodo compound (2, CC(50) 25 +/- 7 microM) was more efficient than ganciclovir (GCV, CC(50) 75 +/- 35 microM) in inhibiting growth of HSV1-TK transfected cells and less inhibitory than GCV toward TK(-) cells, whereas compound 3 inhibited transfected and nontransfected cell lines in a relatively similar dose-dependent manner.