Mutations in lectin complement pathway genes COLEC11 and MASP1 cause 3MC syndrome

Nat Genet. 2011 Mar;43(3):197-203. doi: 10.1038/ng.757.

Caroline Rooryck ¹, Anna Diaz-Font, Daniel P S Osborn, Elyes Chabchoub, Victor Hernandez-Hernandez, Hanan Shamseldin, Joanna Kenny, Aoife Waters, Dagan Jenkins, Ali Al Kaissi, Gabriela F Leal, Bruno Dallapiccola, Franco Carnevale, Maria Bitner-Glindzicz, Melissa Lees, Raoul Hennekam, Philip Stanier, Alan J Burns, Hilde Peeters, Fowzan S Alkuraya, Philip L Beales

Affiliations

Affiliation

1 Molecular Medicine Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.

PMID: 21258343 DOI: 10.1038/ng.757

Abstract

3MC syndrome has been proposed as a unifying term encompassing the overlapping Carnevale, Mingarelli, Malpuech and Michels syndromes. These rare autosomal recessive disorders exhibit a spectrum of developmental features, including characteristic facial dysmorphism, cleft lip and/or palate, craniosynostosis, learning disability and genital, limb and vesicorenal anomalies. Here we studied 11 families with 3MC syndrome and identified two mutated genes, COLEC11 and MASP1, both of which encode proteins in the lectin complement pathway (collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1) and MASP-1 and MASP-3, respectively). CL-K1 is highly expressed in embryonic murine craniofacial cartilage, heart, bronchi, kidney and vertebral bodies. Zebrafish morphants for either gene develop pigmentary defects and severe craniofacial abnormalities. Finally, we show that CL-K1 serves as a guidance cue for neural crest cell migration. Together, these findings demonstrate a role for complement pathway factors in fundamental developmental processes and in the etiology of 3MC syndrome.

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