The novel, orally bioavailable HSP90 inhibitor NVP-HSP990 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and acts synergistically with melphalan by increased cleavage of caspases

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) binds and stabilizes numerous proteins and kinases essential for myeloma cell survival and proliferation. We and Others have recently demonstrated that inhibition of HSP90 by small molecular mass inhibitors induces cell death in multiple myeloma (MM). However, some of the HSP90 inhibitors involved in early clinical trials have shown limited antitumor activity and unfavorable toxicity profiles. Here, we analyzed the effects of the novel, orally bioavailable HSP90 Inhibitor NVP-HSP990 on MM cell proliferation and survival. The inhibitor led to a significant reduction in myeloma cell viability and induced G2 cell cycle arrest, degradation of Caspase-8 and Caspase-3, and induction of Apoptosis. Inhibition of the HSP90 ATPase activity was accompanied by the degradation of MM phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK1/2 and upregulation of HSP70. Exposure of MM cells to a combination of NVP-HSP990 and either melphalan or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors caused synergistic inhibition of viability, increased induction of Apoptosis, and was able to overcome the primary resistance of the cell line RPMI-8226 to HSP90 inhibition. Combined incubation with melphalan and NVP-HSP990 led to synergistically increased cleavage of caspase-2, caspase-9, and Caspase-3. These data demonstrate promising activity for NVP-HSP990 as single agent or combination treatment in MM and provide a rationale for clinical trials.