siRNA screen for genes that affect Junín virus entry uncovers voltage-gated calcium channels as a therapeutic target

New World hemorrhagic fever Arenavirus infection results in 15 to 30% mortality in humans. We performed a high-throughput small interfering RNA screen with Junín virus glycoprotein-pseudotyped viruses to find potential host therapeutic targets. Voltage-gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) subunits, for which there are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, were identified in the screen. Knockdown of VGCC subunits or treatment with channel blockers diminished Junín virus-cell fusion and entry into cells and thereby decreased Infection. Gabapentin, an FDA-approved drug used to treat neuropathic pain that targets the α₂δ₂ subunit, inhibited Infection of mice by the Candid 1 vaccine strain of the virus. These findings demonstrate that VGCCs play a role in virus Infection and have the potential to lead to therapeutic intervention of New World Arenavirus infection.