Role of plasminogen activators and leukocytes in IUD-induced inflammation: effect of some anti-inflammatory agents

Insertion of an IUD causes a persistent inflammatory reaction, evident from an increase in the vascular dilatation and permeability of IUD-exposed endometrium. IUD-induced inflammatory changes can be checked by using anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study in rats, we report that IUD-induced inflammatory changes were partially checked by the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, in order of effectiveness, indomethacin greater than naproxen greater than ibuprofen. Histologically, IUDs provoke mild degeneration of uterine epithelium and necrotic changes in the endometrial glands. Heavy infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the uterine lumen was also noticed. IUD-induced degenerative changes in the histoarchitecture of uterine epithelium were partially repaired following treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs.