2. Academic Validation
  3. Microwave-assisted activated carbon from cocoa shell as adsorbent for removal of sodium diclofenac and nimesulide from aqueous effluents

Microwave-assisted activated carbon from cocoa shell as adsorbent for removal of sodium diclofenac and nimesulide from aqueous effluents

  • J Hazard Mater. 2015 May 30;289:18-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.026.
Caroline Saucier 1,  Matthew A Adebayo 2,  Eder C Lima 3,  Renato Cataluña 1,  Pascal S Thue 4,  Lizie D T Prola 1,  M J Puchana-Rosero 1,  Fernando M Machado 5,  Flavio A Pavan 6,  G L Dotto 7
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
  • 2 Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria.
  • 3 Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: eder.lima@ufrgs.br.
  • 4 Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
  • 5 Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Brazil.
  • 6 Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Bagé, RS, Brazil.
  • 7 Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
PMID: 25702636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.026
Abstract

Microwave-induced chemical activation process was used to prepare an activated carbon from cocoa shell for efficient removal of two anti-inflammatories, sodium diclofenac (DFC) and nimesulide (NM), from aqueous solutions. A paste was obtained from a mixture of cocoa shell and inorganic components; with a ratio of inorganic: organic of 1 (CSC-1.0). The mixture was pyrolyzed in a microwave oven in less than 10 min. The CSC-1.0 was acidified with a 6 mol L(-1) HCl under reflux to produce MWCS-1.0. The CSC-1.0 and MWCS-1.0 were characterized using FTIR, SEM, N2 adsorption/desorption curves, X-ray diffraction, and point of zero charge (pHpzc). Experimental variables such as initial pH of the adsorbate solutions and contact time were optimized for adsorptive characteristics of MWCS-1.0. The optimum pH for removal of anti-inflammatories ranged between 7.0 and 8.0. The kinetic of adsorption was investigated using general order, pseudo first-order and pseu do-second order kinetic models. The maximum amounts of DCF and NM adsorbed onto MWCS-1.0 at 25 °C are 63.47 and 74.81 mg g(-1), respectively. The adsorbent was tested on two simulated hospital effluents. MWCS-1.0 is capable of efficient removal of DCF and NM from a medium that contains high sugar and salt concentrations.

Keywords

Activated carbon; Anti-inflammatory; Effluents; Microwave-assisted activation.

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