Mitigation of Acetylcholine Esterase Activity in the 1,7-Diazacarbazole Series of Inhibitors of Checkpoint Kinase 1

J Med Chem. 2015 Jun 25;58(12):5053-74. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00464.

Lewis Gazzard, Karen Williams ¹, Huifen Chen, Lorraine Axford ¹, Elizabeth Blackwood, Brenda Burton ¹, Kerry Chapman ¹, Peter Crackett ¹, Joy Drobnick, Charles Ellwood ¹, Jennifer Epler, Michael Flagella, Emanuela Gancia ¹, Matthew Gill ¹, Simon Goodacre ¹, Jason Halladay, Joanne Hewitt ¹, Hazel Hunt ¹, Samuel Kintz, Joseph Lyssikatos, Calum Macleod ¹, Sarah Major ¹, Guillaume Médard ¹, Raman Narukulla ¹, Judi Ramiscal, Stephen Schmidt, Eileen Seward ¹, Christian Wiesmann, Ping Wu, Sharon Yee, Ivana Yen, Shiva Malek

Affiliations

Affiliation

1 ∇Argenta, A Charles River Company, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom.

PMID: 25988399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00464

Abstract

Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) plays a key role in the DNA damage response, facilitating cell-cycle arrest to provide sufficient time for lesion repair. This leads to the hypothesis that inhibition of Chk1 might enhance the effectiveness of DNA-damaging therapies in the treatment of Cancer. Lead compound 1 (GNE-783), the prototype of the 1,7-diazacarbazole class of Chk1 inhibitors, was found to be a highly potent inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and unsuitable for development. A campaign of analogue synthesis established SAR delineating Chk1 and AChE activities and allowing identification of new leads with improved profiles. In silico docking using a model of AChE permitted rationalization of the observed SAR. Compounds 19 (GNE-900) and 30 (GNE-145) were identified as selective, orally bioavailable Chk1 inhibitors offering excellent in vitro potency with significantly reduced AChE activity. In combination with gemcitabine, these compounds demonstrate an in vivo pharmacodynamic effect and are efficacious in a mouse p53 mutant xenograft model.

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