2. Academic Validation
  3. NR5A1 is a novel disease gene for 46,XX testicular and ovotesticular disorders of sex development

NR5A1 is a novel disease gene for 46,XX testicular and ovotesticular disorders of sex development

  • Genet Med. 2017 Apr;19(4):367-376. doi: 10.1038/gim.2016.118.
Dorien Baetens 1,  Hans Stoop 2,  Frank Peelman 3,  Anne-Laure Todeschini 4,  Toon Rosseel 1,  Frauke Coppieters 1,  Reiner A Veitia 4,  Leendert H J Looijenga 2,  Elfride De Baere 1,  Martine Cools 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
  • 2 Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
  • 3 Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
  • 4 Molecular Oncology and Pathology, Institut Jacques Monod, France; Université Paris Diderot, Paris VII, France.
  • 5 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
PMID: 27490115 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.118
Abstract

Purpose: We aimed to identify the genetic cause in a cohort of 11 unrelated cases and two sisters with 46,XX SRY-negative (ovo)testicular disorders of sex development (DSD).

Methods: Whole-exome Sequencing (n = 9), targeted resequencing (n = 4), and haplotyping were performed. Immunohistochemistry of sex-specific markers was performed on patients' gonads. The consequences of mutation were investigated using luciferase assays, localization studies, and RNA-seq.

Results: We identified a novel heterozygous NR5A1 mutation, c.274C>T p.(Arg92Trp), in three unrelated patients. The Arg92 residue is highly conserved and located in the Ftz-F1 region, probably involved in DNA-binding specificity and stability. There were no consistent changes in transcriptional activation or subcellular localization. Transcriptomics in patient-derived lymphocytes showed upregulation of MAMLD1, a direct NR5A1 target previously associated with 46,XY DSD. In gonads of affected individuals, ovarian FOXL2 and testicular SRY-independent SOX9 expression observed.

Conclusions: We propose NR5A1, previously associated with 46,XY DSD and 46,XX primary ovarian insufficiency, as a novel gene for 46,XX (ovo)testicular DSD. We hypothesize that p.(Arg92Trp) results in decreased inhibition of the male developmental pathway through downregulation of female antitestis genes, thereby tipping the balance toward testicular differentiation in 46,XX individuals. In conclusion, our study supports a role for NR5A1 in testis differentiation in the XX gonad.Genet Med 19 4, 367-376.

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