1. Academic Validation
  2. Structural characterization and macrophage activation of a hetero-galactan isolated from Flammulina velutipes

Structural characterization and macrophage activation of a hetero-galactan isolated from Flammulina velutipes

  • Carbohydr Polym. 2018 Mar 1;183:207-218. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.017.
Yue Meng 1 Jingmin Yan 1 Guang Yang 1 Zhen Han 1 Guihua Tai 1 Hairong Cheng 2 Yifa Zhou 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China.
  • 2 Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China. Electronic address: chenghr893@nenu.edu.cn.
  • 3 Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China. Electronic address: zhouyf383@nenu.edu.cn.
Abstract

We isolated and purified a new polysaccharide (WFVP-N-b1) with a molecular weight of 20 kDa from Flammulina velutipes. Results showed that WFVP-N-b1 is composed of an α (1 → 6)-linked D-galactan backbone and branched at the O-2 of its Galp residues by an α-D-(1 → 6)-linked Manp attached to t-β-D-Glcp or t-α-D-Fucp side chains. WFVP-N-b1 can significantly induce cytokines secretion and release of toxic molecules. On a cellular level, WFVP-N-b1 is recognized by Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4). Thereby, the hetero-galactan increased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt, promoted degradation of IκB-α and the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. Importantly, our results indicate that WFVP-N-b1 activated macrophage is mediated by Autophagy, as blockade of WFVP-N-b1-induced Autophagy by Baf-A1 significantly decreases macrophage activation. This is the first report that hetero-galactan-induced macrophage activation is mediated by Autophagy. Collectively, WFVP-N-b1 activated RAW264.7 cells through MAPKs, Autophagy, and Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways via TLR4 receptor.

Keywords

Akt/NF-κB; Autophagy; Flammulina velutipes; Hetero-galactan; MAPKs; Macrophage.

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