1. Academic Validation
  2. Discovery of 4-oxoquinolines, a new chemical class of anti-HIV-1 compounds

Discovery of 4-oxoquinolines, a new chemical class of anti-HIV-1 compounds

  • Antiviral Res. 2019 Feb;162:101-109. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.012.
Tomomi Shiroishi-Wakatsuki 1 Masami Maejima-Kitagawa 2 Akiko Hamano 2 Daigo Murata 3 Sayaka Sukegawa 2 Kazuhiro Matsuoka 2 Hirotaka Ode 2 Atsuko Hachiya 2 Mayumi Imahashi 2 Yoshiyuki Yokomaku 2 Nobuhiko Nomura 3 Wataru Sugiura 2 Yasumasa Iwatani 4
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of AIDS Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
  • 2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
  • 3 Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
  • 4 Department of AIDS Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address: iwataniy@nnh.go.jp.
Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) against HIV-1 Infection offers the promise of controlling disease progression and prolonging the survival of HIV-1-infected patients. However, even the most potent ART regimens available today cannot cure HIV-1. Because patients will be exposed to ART for many years, physicians and researchers must anticipate the emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1, potential adverse effects of the current drugs, and need for future drug development. In this study, we screened a small-molecule compound library using cell-based anti-HIV-1 assays and discovered a series of novel anti-HIV-1 compounds, 4-oxoquinolines. These compounds exhibited potent anti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 < 0.1 μM) with high selectivity indexes (CC50/EC50 > 2500) and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles in mice. Surprisingly, our novel compounds have a chemical backbone similar to the clinically used integrase (IN) strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) elvitegravir, although they lack the crucial 3-carboxylate moiety needed for the common INSTI diketo motif. Indeed, the new 4-oxoquinoline derivatives have no detectable INSTI activity. In addition, various drug-resistant HIV-1 strains did not display cross resistance to these compounds. Interestingly, time-of-addition experiments indicated that the 4-oxoquinoline derivative remains its anti-HIV-1 activity even after the viral integration stage. Furthermore, the compounds significantly suppressed p24 antigen production in HIV-1 latently infected cells exposed with tumor necrosis factor alpha. These findings suggest that our 4-oxoquinoline derivatives with no 3-carboxylate moiety may become novel lead compounds in the development of anti-HIV-1 drugs.

Keywords

4-Oxoquinoline; Anti-HIV; Antiviral compound; Integrase strand-transfer inhibitor; Latently infected cell; Tat.

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