Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine derivatives as novel anti crizotinib-resistant ALK/ROS1 dual inhibitors

ALK and ROS1 kinases have become promising therapeutic targets since Crizotinib was used to treat non-small-cell lung Cancer clinically. Aiming to explore new potent inhibitors, a series of 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine derivatives that stabilized a novel DFG-shifted conformation in the kinase domain of ALK were designed and synthesized on the base of lead compound A. Biological evaluation highlighted that most of these new compounds could also potently inhibit ROS1 kinase, leading to the promising inhibitors against both ROS1 and ALK. Among them, the representative compound 2e stood out potent anti-proliferative activity against ALK-addicted H3122 and ROS1-addicted HCC78 cell lines (IC₅₀ = 6.27 μM and 10.71 μM, respectively), which were comparable to that of Crizotinib. Moreover, 2e showed impressive Enzyme activity against clinically Crizotinib-resistant ALK^L1196M with an IC₅₀ value of 41.3 nM, which was about 2-fold more potent than that of Crizotinib. 2e also showed potent inhibitory activity in about 6-fold superior to Crizotinib (IC₅₀: 104.7 nM vs. 643.5 nM) in Ba/F3 cell line harboring ROS1^G2032R. Furthermore, molecular modeling disclosed that all the representative inhibitors could DOCK into the active site of ALK and ROS1, which gave a probable explanation of anti Crizotinib-resistant mutants. These results indicated that our work has established a path forward for the generation of anti Crizotinib-resistant ALK/ROS1 dual inhibitors.