2. Academic Validation
  3. In Vitro Activity of Rifampin, Rifabutin, Rifapentine, and Rifaximin against Planktonic and Biofilm States of Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint Infection

In Vitro Activity of Rifampin, Rifabutin, Rifapentine, and Rifaximin against Planktonic and Biofilm States of Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint Infection

  • Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Oct 22;63(11):e00959-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00959-19.
Mariana Albano 1,  Melissa J Karau 1,  Kerryl E Greenwood-Quaintance 1,  Douglas R Osmon 2 3,  Caitlin P Oravec 2,  Daniel J Berry 3,  Matthew P Abdel 3,  Robin Patel 4 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
  • 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
  • 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
  • 4 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA patel.robin@mayo.edu.
PMID: 31451499 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00959-19
Abstract

The in vitro activities of rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine, and rifaximin were tested against 200 periprosthetic joint Infection (PJI)-associated staphylococci. Seven rifampin-resistant isolates had MICs of ≥4 μg/ml. Three isolates had rifampin MICs of 0.25 to 1 μg/ml and harbored an Asp471Gly RpoB variant, suggesting that the CLSI rifampin-susceptible staphylococcal breakpoint of ≤1 μg/ml may be too high. The remaining isolates had rifampin MICs of ≤0.016 μg/ml, and the rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine, and rifaximin minimum biofilm bactericidal concentrations (MBBC) for ≥50% of isolates were 8, 1, 2, and 4 μg/ml (for S. aureus) and 2, 0.06, 0.25, and 0.5 μg/ml (for S. epidermidis), respectively, for rifampin-susceptible isolates. Nonrifampin rifamycins have promising staphylococcal activity, including antibiofilm activity.

Keywords

Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; biofilm; periprosthetic joint infection; rifabutin; rifampin; rifamycins; rifapentine; rifaximin; rpoB.

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