Rational Design and Optimization of a Novel Class of Macrocyclic Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Inhibitors

J Med Chem. 2019 Dec 12;62(23):10740-10756. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01206.

Martin K Himmelbauer, Zhili Xin, J Howard Jones, Istvan Enyedy, Kristopher King, Douglas J Marcotte, Paramasivam Murugan, Joseph C Santoro, Thomas Hesson, Kerri Spilker, Joshua L Johnson, Michael J Luzzio, Rab Gilfillan, Felix Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso

PMID: 31710475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01206

Abstract

Structural analysis of a known Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor bound to its kinase domain led to the design and synthesis of the novel macrocyclic inhibitor 8 (cell IC₅₀ = 1.2 μM). The profile of this compound was optimized for CNS penetration following two independent strategies: a rational design approach leading to 19 and a parallel synthesis approach leading to 26. Both analogs are potent ASK1 inhibitors in biochemical and cellular assays (19, cell IC₅₀ = 95 nM; 26, cell IC₅₀ = 123 nM) and have moderate to low efflux ratio (ER) in an MDR1-MDCK assay (19, ER = 5.2; 26, ER = 1.5). In vivo PK studies revealed that inhibitor 19 had moderate CNS penetration (K_puu = 0.17) and analog 26 had high CNS penetration (K_puu = 1.0).

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