2. Academic Validation
  3. New Frontiers in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

New Frontiers in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

  • Cell Metab. 2020 Jan 7;31(1):46-61. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.017.
Jeremy T Warshauer 1,  Jeffrey A Bluestone 2,  Mark S Anderson 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
  • 2 Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA.
  • 3 Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: mark.anderson@ucsf.edu.
PMID: 31839487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.017
Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells that results in lifelong absolute Insulin deficiency. For nearly a century, Insulin replacement has been the only therapy for most people living with this disease. Recent advances in technology and our understanding of β cell development, glucose metabolism, and the underlying immune pathogenesis of the disease have led to innovative therapeutic and preventative approaches. A paradigm shift in immunotherapy development toward the targeting of islet-specific immune pathways involved in tolerance has driven the development of therapies that may allow for the prevention or reversal of this disease while avoiding toxicities associated with historical approaches that were broadly immunosuppressive. In this review, we discuss successes, failures, and emerging pharmacological therapies for type 1 diabetes that are changing how we approach this disease, from improving glycemic control to developing the "holy grail" of disease prevention.

Keywords

autoimmunity; endocrinology; glucose; immunology; immunotherapy; metabolism; type 1 diabetes.

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