Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel substituted thiourea derivatives as potential anticancer agents for NSCLC by blocking K-Ras protein-effectors interactions

Mutation of the proto-oncogene K-Ras is one of the most common molecular mechanisms in non-small cell lung Cancer. Many drugs for treating lung Cancer have been developed, however, due to clinical observed K-Ras mutations, corresponding chemotherapy and targeted therapy for such mutation are not efficient enough. In this study, on the basis of the crystal structure of K-Ras, 21 analogues (TKR01-TKR21) containing urea or thiourea were rationally designed, which can effectively inhibit the lung Cancer cell A549 growth. The designing of these compounds was based on the structure of K-Ras protein, and the related groups were replaced by bioisosteres to improve the affinity and selectivity. Biological testing revealed that compound TKR15 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 cell with IC₅₀ of 0.21 µM. Docking analysis showed that the TKR15 can effectively bind to the hydrophobic cavity and form a hydrogen bond with the Glu37. In addition, through flow Apoptosis assay and immunofluorescence staining assay, it confirmed that this compound can inhibit A549 cell proliferation with the mechanism of blocking K-Ras^G12V protein and effector proteins interactions through the apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, our studies in finding novel potent compound (TKR15) with confirmed mechanism showed great potential for further optimisation and Other medicinal chemistry relevant studies.