Novel pleconaril derivatives: Influence of substituents in the isoxazole and phenyl rings on the antiviral activity against enteroviruses

Today, there are no medicines to treat Enterovirus and rhinovirus infections. In the present study, a series of novel pleconaril derivatives with substitutions in the isoxazole and phenyl rings was synthesized and evaluated for their Antiviral activity against a panel of pleconaril-sensitive and -resistant enteroviruses. Studies of the structure-activity relationship demonstrate the crucial role of the N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group in the isoxazole ring for Antiviral activity against pleconaril-resistant viruses. In addition, one or two substituents in the phenyl ring directly impact on the spectrum of antienteroviral activity. The 3-(3-methyl-4-(3-(3-N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl-isoxazol-5-yl)propoxy)phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole 10g was among the compounds exhibiting the strongest activity against pleconaril-resistant as well as pleconaril-susceptible enteroviruses with IC₅₀ values from 0.02 to 5.25 μM in this series. Compound 10g demonstrated markedly less CYP3A4 induction than pleconaril, was non-mutagenic, and was bioavailable after intragastric administration in mice. These results highlight compound 10g as a promising potential candidate as a broad spectrum Enterovirus and rhinovirus inhibitor for further preclinical investigations.

Antivirals; CYP3A4 induction; Capsid-binding inhibitor; Coxsackie B3 virus; Drug design/discovery; Pharmacokinetics; Resistance; Rhinovirus; Structure-activity relationship analysis.