2. Academic Validation
  3. The wonders of BMP9: From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism to regenerative medicine

The wonders of BMP9: From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism to regenerative medicine

  • Genes Dis. 2019 Jul 24;6(3):201-223. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.003.
Sami Mostafa 1 2,  Mikhail Pakvasa 1 2,  Elam Coalson 1 2,  Allen Zhu 1,  Alex Alverdy 2 3,  Hector Castillo 1,  Jiaming Fan 4,  Alex Li 4,  Yixiao Feng 4,  Di Wu 4,  Elliott Bishop 2 4,  Scott Du 4 5,  Mia Spezia 4,  Alissa Li 4,  Ofir Hagag 4,  Alison Deng 4 5,  Winny Liu 4 5,  Mingyang Li 4 5,  Sherwin S Ho 4,  Aravind Athiviraham 4,  Michael J Lee 4,  Jennifer Moriatis Wolf 4,  Guillermo A Ameer 6 7,  Hue H Luu 4,  Rex C Haydon 4,  Jason Strelzow 4,  Kelly Hynes 4,  Tong-Chuan He 4,  Russell R Reid 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
  • 2 Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
  • 3 Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
  • 4 Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
  • 5 SIR Program, Illinois Math and Science Academy (IMSA), Aurora, IL 60506, USA.
  • 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
  • 7 The Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
PMID: 32042861 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.003
Abstract

Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a diverse and critical array of biological roles. These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation, angiogenesis, and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems. Disruptions of the members of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities, suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins. Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs, BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs. The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants, revealing the great translational promise of BMP9. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that, besides its osteogenic activity, BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions, including stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body.

Keywords

Adipogenesis; BMP9/GDF2; Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); Metabolism; Osteogenesis; Regenerative medicine; Tumorigenesis.

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