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  3. Toxicity and detoxification of monocrotophos from ecosystem using different approaches: A review

Toxicity and detoxification of monocrotophos from ecosystem using different approaches: A review

  • Chemosphere. 2021 Jul;275:130051. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130051.
Simranjeet Singh 1,  Vijay Kumar 2,  Ramesh Kanwar 3,  Abdul Basit Wani 4,  Jatinder Pal Kaur Gill 5,  Vinod Kumar Garg 6,  Joginder Singh 7,  Praveen C Ramamurthy 8
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, 560012, India.
  • 2 Department of Chemistry, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, 474009, India.
  • 3 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, USA.
  • 4 Department of Chemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
  • 5 Department of Education, South Australia (SA), 5000, Australia.
  • 6 Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India. Electronic address: vinodkgarg@yahoo.com.
  • 7 Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India. Electronic address: joginder.15005@lpu.co.in.
  • 8 Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, 560012, India. Electronic address: onegroupb203@gmail.com.
PMID: 33676273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130051
Abstract

Monocrotophos (MCP) is an organophosphate insecticide with broad application in agricultural crops like rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, soybeans, groundnut and vegetables. MCP solubilize in water readily and thus reduced sorption occurs in soil. This leads to MCP leaching into the groundwater and pose a significant threat of contamination. The MCP's half-life depends on the temperature and pH value and estimated as 17-96 d. But the half-life of technical grade MCP can exceed up to 2500 days if properly stored at 38 °C in a glass or polyethylene container in a stable condition. It causes abnormality, ranging from mild to severe confusion, agitation, hypersalivation, convulsion, pulmonary failure, senescence in mammals and insects. MCP affects humans by inhibiting the activity of the acetylcholine esterase Enzyme. MCP is accountable for the catalytic degradation of acetylcholine and affects the neurotransmission between neurons. This review discusses MCP's various aspects and fate on aquatic and terrestrial life forms, quantification methods for monitoring, various degradation processes, and their mechanisms. Different case studies related to its impact on the human population in different parts of the world have been discussed. Efforts have also been made to summarize and present different microbial population's role in its degradation and mineralization.

Keywords

Biodegradation; Half-life; Microbes; Monocrotophos; N-Methylacetoacetamide; Persistence; Photocatalytic.

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