2. Academic Validation
  3. Downregulation of MTSS1 in acute myeloid leukemia is associated with a poor prognosis, chemotherapy resistance, and disease aggressiveness

Downregulation of MTSS1 in acute myeloid leukemia is associated with a poor prognosis, chemotherapy resistance, and disease aggressiveness

  • Leukemia. 2021 Oct;35(10):2827-2839. doi: 10.1038/s41375-021-01224-2.
Alexander Michael Grandits 1 2,  Chi Huu Nguyen 1 2,  Angela Schlerka 1 2,  Hubert Hackl 3,  Heinz Sill 4,  Julia Etzler 1 2,  Elizabeth Heyes 5,  Dagmar Stoiber 6,  Florian Grebien 5,  Gerwin Heller  # 1 2,  Rotraud Wieser  # 7 8
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • 2 Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.
  • 3 Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
  • 4 Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
  • 5 Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
  • 6 Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.
  • 7 Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. rotraud.wieser@meduniwien.ac.at.
  • 8 Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria. rotraud.wieser@meduniwien.ac.at.
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 33782537 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01224-2
Abstract

Despite recent approval of targeted drugs for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy, chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and anthracyclines remains an important pillar of treatment. Both primary and secondary resistance are frequent and associated with poor survival, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. In previous work, we identified genes deregulated between diagnosis and relapse of AML, corresponding to therapy naïve and resistant states, respectively. Among them was MTSS1, whose downregulation is known to enhance aggressiveness of solid tumors. Here we show that low MTSS1 expression at diagnosis was associated with a poor prognosis in AML. MTSS1 expression was regulated by promoter methylation, and reduced by cytosine arabinoside and the anthracycline daunorubicin. Experimental downregulation of MTSS1 affected the expression of numerous genes. It induced the DNA damage response kinase Wee1, and rendered human AML cell lines more resistant to cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, and other anti-cancer drugs. Mtss1 knockdown in murine MLL-AF9-driven AML substantially decreased disease latency, and increased leukemic burden and ex vivo chemotherapy resistance. In summary, low MTSS1 expression represents a novel factor contributing to disease aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and poor outcome in AML.

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