2. Academic Validation
  3. Plasma concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with substance use disorders and comorbid major depressive disorder

Plasma concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with substance use disorders and comorbid major depressive disorder

  • Sci Rep. 2021 Jul 1;11(1):13629. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93075-1.
Sandra Torres Galván # 1 2 3,  María Flores-López # 1 2 4,  Pablo Romero-Sanchiz 1 2 5,  Nerea Requena-Ocaña 1 2,  Oscar Porras-Perales 1 2 4 6,  Raquel Nogueira-Arjona 1 2 5,  Fermín Mayoral 1 2,  Pedro Araos 1 2 4,  Antonia Serrano 1 2,  Roberto Muga 7 8,  Francisco Javier Pavón 9 10 11 12,  Nuria García-Marchena 13 14,  Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca 15 16 17
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, sótano, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
  • 2 Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.
  • 3 Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
  • 4 Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
  • 5 Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
  • 6 Unidad de Gestión Clínica del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
  • 7 Unidad de Adicciones- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Institut D'Investigació en Ciències de La Salut Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, Carrer del Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Spain.
  • 8 Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
  • 9 Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, sótano, 29010, Málaga, Spain. javier.pavon@ibima.eu.
  • 10 Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain. javier.pavon@ibima.eu.
  • 11 Unidad de Gestión Clínica del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Victoria, Málaga, Spain. javier.pavon@ibima.eu.
  • 12 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. javier.pavon@ibima.eu.
  • 13 Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. ngarciam@igtp.cat.
  • 14 Unidad de Adicciones- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Institut D'Investigació en Ciències de La Salut Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, Carrer del Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Spain. ngarciam@igtp.cat.
  • 15 Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, sótano, 29010, Málaga, Spain. fernando.rodriguez@ibima.eu.
  • 16 Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain. fernando.rodriguez@ibima.eu.
  • 17 Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. fernando.rodriguez@ibima.eu.
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 34211033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93075-1
Abstract

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has raised much interest because of its role in cocaine addiction in preclinical models. We explored the plasma concentrations of G-CSF in patients diagnosed with substance use disorder (SUD) and highly comorbid psychiatric disorders. In particular, we investigated the association between G-CSF concentrations and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with cocaine and alcohol use disorders (CUD and AUD, respectively). Additionally, patients with MDD but not SUD were included in the study. Three hundred and eleven participants were enrolled in this exploratory study: 136 control subjects, 125 patients with SUD (SUD group) from outpatient treatment programs for cocaine (N = 60, cocaine subgroup) and alcohol (N = 65, alcohol subgroup), and 50 patients with MDD but not SUD (MDD group) from primary-care settings. Participants were assessed based on DSM-IV-TR criteria, and a blood sample was collected to examine the plasma concentrations of G-CSF. G-CSF concentrations were negatively correlated with age in the entire sample (r = - 0.233, p < 0.001) but not in the patients with MDD. G-CSF concentrations were lower in patients with SUD than in controls (p < 0.05), specifically in the cocaine subgroup (p < 0.05). Patients with SUD and comorbid MDD had lower G-CSF concentrations than patients with SUD but not comorbid MDD or controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, patients with MDD but not SUD showed no differences compared with their controls. The negative association between G-CSF concentrations and age in the sample was not observed in patients with MDD. G-CSF concentrations were decreased in patients with SUD and comorbid MDD but not in patients with MDD. Therefore, G-CSF may be useful to improve the stratification of patients with dual diagnosis seeking treatment. Further investigation is needed to explore the impact of sex and type of drug on the expression of G-CSF.

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