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  3. Else_BRB_110660Docosahexaenoic acid promotes M2 microglia phenotype via activating PPARγ-mediated ERK/AKT pathway against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Else_BRB_110660Docosahexaenoic acid promotes M2 microglia phenotype via activating PPARγ-mediated ERK/AKT pathway against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

  • Brain Res Bull. 2023 May 4;110660. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110660.
Huijing Lv 1,  Shuai Jia 2,  Yanan Sun 1,  Meng Pang 2,  E Lv 3,  Xiangling Li 4,  Qinghui Meng 5,  Yanqiang Wang 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 School of Nursing, Wei fang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
  • 2 Department II of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
  • 3 Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
  • 4 Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
  • 5 School of Nursing, Wei fang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China. Electronic address: hui_m12@163.com.
  • 6 Department II of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China. Electronic address: wangqiangdoctor@126.com.
PMID: 37149267 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110660
Abstract

In ischemia-reperfusion stroke, microglia play a dual role in brain injury as well as brain repair, and promoting their switch from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype is considered to be a potential therapeutic strategy. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, but its effect on microglia polarization is unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of DHA on rat brain following ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to investigate the mechanism by which DHA regulates microglia polarization. We administered DHA 5mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for 3 d following a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion model in rats. The protective effects of DHA on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were detected by TTC staining, HE staining, Nissler staining, and TUNEL staining. Quantitative Real-Time PCR, immunofluorescence, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the expression of M1 and M2 microglia-associated markers and PPARγ-mediated ERK/Akt signaling pathway proteins. We found that DHA significantly improved brain injury by decreasing the expression of the M1 phenotypic marker (iNOS, CD16) and increasing the expression of the M2 phenotypic marker (Arg-1, CD206). DHA also increased the expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) mRNA and protein, increased the expression of the pathway protein Akt, and decreased the expression of ERK1/2. In addition, DHA promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. However, the PPARγ Antagonist GW9662 greatly blocked these beneficial effects. These results suggest that DHA may activate PPARγ to inhibit ERK and activate Akt signaling pathways to regulate microglia polarization, thereby reducing neuroinflammation and promoting neurological recovery to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Keywords

Docosahexaenoic acid; ERK/AKT pathway; cerebral ischemia; ischemic stroke; microglia polarization; neuroinflammation.

Figures
Products
  • Cat. No.
    Product Name
    Description
    Target
    Research Area
  • HY-16578
    99.79%, PPARγ Antagonist