2. Academic Validation
  3. Rationale design of novel substituted 1,3,5-triazine candidates as dual IDH1(R132H)/ IDH2(R140Q) inhibitors with high selectivity against acute myeloid leukemia: In vitro and in vivo preclinical investigations

Rationale design of novel substituted 1,3,5-triazine candidates as dual IDH1(R132H)/ IDH2(R140Q) inhibitors with high selectivity against acute myeloid leukemia: In vitro and in vivo preclinical investigations

  • Bioorg Chem. 2024 Aug:149:107483. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107483.
Haytham O Tawfik 1,  Mai H A Mousa 2,  Mohamed Y Zaky 3,  Ahmed M El-Dessouki 4,  Marwa Sharaky 5,  Omeima Abdullah 6,  Mervat H El-Hamamsy 7,  Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy 8
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt. Electronic address: haytham.omar.mahmoud@pharm.tanta.edu.eg.
  • 2 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo 11786, Egypt.
  • 3 Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
  • 4 Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt.
  • 5 Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt.
  • 6 Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
  • 7 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
  • 8 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt. Electronic address: akarmalawy@horus.edu.eg.
PMID: 38805913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107483
Abstract

In this study, novel substituted 1,3,5-triazine candidates (4a-d, 5a-j, and 6a-d) were designed as second-generation small molecules to act as dual IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitors according to the pharmacophoric features of both vorasidenib and enasidenib. Compounds 6a and 6b for leukemia cell lines showed from low to sub-micromolar GI50. Moreover, compounds 4c, 5f, and 6b described the frontier antitumor activity against THP1 and Kasumi Leukemia Cancer cells with IC50 values of (10 and 12), (10.5 and 7), and (6.2 and 5.9) µg/mL, which were superior to those of cisplatin (25 and 28) µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, compounds 4c, 6b, and 6d represented the best dual IDH1(R132H)/IDH2(R140Q) inhibitory potentials with IC50 values of (0.72 and 1.22), (0.12 and 0.93), and (0.50 and 1.28) µg/mL, respectively, compared to vorasidenib (0.02 and 0.08) µg/mL and enasidenib (0.33 and 1.80) µg/mL. Furthermore, the most active candidate (6b) has very promising inhibitory potentials towards HIF-1α, VEGF, and SDH, besides, a marked increase of ROS was observed as well. Besides, compound 6b induced the upregulation of P53, Bax, Caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9 proteins by 3.70, 1.99, 2.06, 1.73, 1.75, and 1.85-fold changes, respectively, and the downregulation for the Bcl-2 protein by 0.55-fold change compared to the control. Besides, the in vivo behavior of compound 6b as an antitumor agent was evaluated in female mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma tumors. Notably, compound 6b administration resulted in a prominent decrease in the weight and volume of the tumors, accompanied by improvements in biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters.

Keywords

AML; IDH1(R132H); IDH2(R140Q); Preclinical; Triazine.

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