2. Academic Validation
  3. CXCR7 activation evokes the anti-PD-L1 antibody against glioblastoma by remodeling CXCL12-mediated immunity

CXCR7 activation evokes the anti-PD-L1 antibody against glioblastoma by remodeling CXCL12-mediated immunity

  • Cell Death Dis. 2024 Jun 19;15(6):434. doi: 10.1038/s41419-024-06784-6.
Chan-Chuan Liu 1,  Wen-Bin Yang 2 3,  Chia-Hung Chien # 1 4,  Cheng-Lin Wu # 5,  Jian-Ying Chuang 2 6 7,  Pin-Yuan Chen 8 9,  Jui-Mei Chu 1,  Siao Muk Cheng 1,  Li-Ying Qiu 1,  Yung-Chieh Chang 1 10,  Daw-Yang Hwang 1,  Chih-Yuan Huang 11,  Jung-Shun Lee 11,  Kwang-Yu Chang 12 13 14
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
  • 2 Research Center for Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • 3 Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • 4 School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
  • 5 Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
  • 6 International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • 7 Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
  • 8 School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
  • 9 Department of Neurosurgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
  • 10 TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine; Taipei Cancer Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • 11 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
  • 12 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan. kwang2@nhri.edu.tw.
  • 13 Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. kwang2@nhri.edu.tw.
  • 14 Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. kwang2@nhri.edu.tw.
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 38898023 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06784-6
Abstract

The interaction between glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma-associated macrophages (GAMs) influences the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, leading to ineffective immunotherapies. We hypothesized that disrupting the communication between tumors and macrophages would enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies. Transcriptomic analysis of recurrent glioblastoma specimens indicated an enhanced neuroinflammatory pathway, with CXCL12 emerging as the top-ranked gene in secretory molecules. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of naïve glioblastoma specimens revealed CXCL12 expression in tumor and myeloid clusters. An analysis of public glioblastoma datasets has confirmed the association of CXCL12 with disease and PD-L1 expression. In vitro studies have demonstrated that exogenous CXCL12 induces pro-tumorigenic characteristics in macrophage-like cells and upregulated PD-L1 expression through NF-κB signaling. We identified CXCR7, an atypical receptor for CXCL12 predominantly present in tumor cells, as a negative regulator of CXCL12 expression by interfering with extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. CXCR7 knockdown in a glioblastoma mouse model resulted in worse survival outcomes, increased PD-L1 expression in GAMs, and reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration compared with the control group. Ex vivo T-cell experiments demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity against tumor cells with a selective CXCR7 Agonist, VUF11207, reversing GAM-induced immunosuppression in a glioblastoma cell-macrophage-T-cell co-culture system. Notably, VUF11207 prolonged survival and potentiated the anti-tumor effect of the anti-PD-L1 antibody in glioblastoma-bearing mice. This effect was mitigated by an anti-CD8β antibody, indicating the synergistic effect of VUF11207. In conclusion, CXCL12 conferred immunosuppression mediated by pro-tumorigenic and PD-L1-expressing GAMs in glioblastoma. Targeted activation of glioblastoma-derived CXCR7 inhibits CXCL12, thereby eliciting anti-tumor immunity and enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 Antibodies.

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