2. Academic Validation
  3. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of novel piperidine derived thiosemicarbazones as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase

Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of novel piperidine derived thiosemicarbazones as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase

  • Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 30;14(1):22645. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72858-2.
Hina Aftab 1,  Saeed Ullah 2,  Ajmal Khan 2 3,  Mariya Al-Rashida 4,  Talha Islam 4,  Kholood A Dahlous 5,  Saikh Mohammad 5,  Hamdy Kashtoh 6,  Ahmed Al-Harrasi 7,  Zahid Shafiq 8
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
  • 2 Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, 616, Sultanate of Oman.
  • 3 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • 4 Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University, Lahore, Pakistan.
  • 5 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • 6 Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea. hamdy_kashtoh@ynu.ac.kr.
  • 7 Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, 616, Sultanate of Oman. aharrasi@unizwa.edu.om.
  • 8 Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. zahidshafiq@bzu.edu.pk.
PMID: 39349528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72858-2
Abstract

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an essential Enzyme in folate metabolism, presents a promising target for drug development against various diseases, including Cancer and tuberculosis. Herein, we present an integrated approach combining in vitro biochemical assays with in silico molecular docking analysis to evaluate the inhibitory potential of 4-piperidine-based thiosemicarbazones 5(a-s) against DHFR. In our in vitro study, a novel series of 4-piperidine-based thiosemicarbazones 5(a-s) were assessed for their inhibitory activity against DHFR Enzyme. The synthesized compounds 5(a-s) exhibited potent inhibition with IC50 values in the range of 13.70 ± 0.25 µM to 47.30 ± 0.86 µM. Among all the derivatives 5p displayed highest inhibitory activity. Simultaneously, in silico analysis were performed and compared with standard drug (Methotrexate) to predict the binding affinity and interaction pattern of synthesized compounds with DHFR active site. SAR analysis was done to elucidate how structural modifications impact compound's biological activity, guiding the rational design of potent and selective drug candidates for targeted diseases. These findings may provide a comprehensive assessment of 4-piperdine-based thiosemicarbazones as DHFR inhibitors and contribute to the development of novel therapeutics targeting DHFR-associated diseases.

Keywords

ADME; DHFR; Enzyme inhibition; MoLecular docking; Piperidine; Thiosemicarbazones.

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