2. Academic Validation
  3. Mcl-1 is a Gatekeeper Molecule to Regulate the Crosstalk Between Ferroptotic Agent-Induced ER Stress and TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis

Mcl-1 is a Gatekeeper Molecule to Regulate the Crosstalk Between Ferroptotic Agent-Induced ER Stress and TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis

  • J Cell Biochem. 2025 Jan;126(1):e30681. doi: 10.1002/jcb.30681.
Young-Sun Lee 1,  Farzaneh Vafaeinik 2,  Lila Mouakkad 2,  Dong-Hyun Kim 3 4 5 6,  Xinxin Song 7,  Lin Zhang 8 9,  Yong J Lee 1 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
  • 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  • 3 Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
  • 4 Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • 5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
  • 7 Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
  • 8 Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  • 9 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
PMID: 39853862 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30681
Abstract

We previously reported that Ferroptosis interplays with Apoptosis through the integration of two independent pathways: the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway and the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated a potential gatekeeper molecule, Mcl-1, between the two signal transduction pathways. Morphology studies and cell death analyses confirmed that a combination treatment of ferroptotic agent erastin (ERA) and apoptotic agent TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) synergistically enhances TRAIL-induced Apoptosis in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC3 and human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells. We further observed that ERA upregulated the proapoptotic proteins PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of Apoptosis) and NOXA, as well as the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 (myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1). These results suggest that ERA upregulates these molecules which results in maintenance of the balance between them. Interestingly, this balance was offset when BxPC3 cells and HCT116 cells were treated with ERA in combination with TRAIL. Our studies suggest that the imbalance between PUMA and NOXA and Mcl-1 during the combined treatment is responsible for ERA-enhanced TRAIL-induced Apoptosis. This hypothesis was tested by employing a HCT116 Mcl-1 knock-in of phosphorylation site mutant (S121A/E125A/S159A/T163A) and investigated the synergistic interaction between the ERA and TRAIL. Along with morphology and cell death studies, immunoblotting analyses revealed that HCT116 Mcl-1 knock-in mutant cells effectively inhibited reduction of Mcl-1 and Apoptosis promoted by the combination treatment. Moreover, ERA enhanced Mcl-1 inhibitor-induced Apoptosis. Collectively, our studies suggest that Mcl-1 is a gatekeeper molecule between the ER stress pathway and the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway.

Keywords

Mcl‐1; TRAIL; apoptosis; crosstalk; endoplasmic reticulum stress response; ferroptosis.

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