2. Academic Validation
  3. Clofarabine induces tumor cell apoptosis, GSDME-related pyroptosis, and CD8+ T-cell antitumor activity via the non-canonical P53/STING pathway

Clofarabine induces tumor cell apoptosis, GSDME-related pyroptosis, and CD8+ T-cell antitumor activity via the non-canonical P53/STING pathway

  • J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Feb 6;13(2):e010252. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2024-010252.
Jie Wu # 1 2 3 4 5,  Nian Liu # 1 2 3 4 5,  Jing Chen 1 2 3 4 5,  Qian Tao 1 2 3 4 5,  Can Lu 1 2 3 4 5,  Qiuqiu Li 1 2 3 4 5,  Xiang Chen 6 2 3 4 5,  Cong Peng 6 2 3 4 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
  • 2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Human Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
  • 3 Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
  • 4 National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
  • 5 National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
  • 6 Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China pengcongxy@csu.edu.cn chenxiangck@126.com.
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 39915005 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-010252
Abstract

Background: Clofarabine (Clo) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, its effects on solid tumors remain largely unknown.

Methods: In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of Clo on melanoma and lung Cancer. The molecular mechanisms of Clo-induced tumor cell death were analyzed using western blotting, ELISA, reverse transcription-PCR, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), short hairpin RNA, co-culture, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. Clinical data sets were used to analyze the correlation between stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-NFκB signaling and immune infiltration.

Results: In this study, Clo significantly reduced the growth of melanoma and lung Cancer cells. Furthermore, Clo treatment induced GSDME-mediated Pyroptosis. Most importantly, Clo administration dramatically increased the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the administration of Clo induced the interaction of P53 with STING, which activated the non-canonical STING-NFκB pathway; consequently, NF-κB directly bound to the promoter regions of its target genes, including CCL5, CXCL10, HLAs and Bax. This resulted in Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and immunogenic cell death in tumor cells by Clo. Furthermore, Clo-induced GSDME-mediated Pyroptosis partly assists in activating T cell immunity via CCL5 and CXCL10. The non-canonical STING-NF-κB pathway is the crucial signaling pathway that initiates and links Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and immunogenic cell death.

Conclusions: Our study is the first to show that Clo, an FDA-approved drug, induces tumor cell Apoptosis, GSDME-related Pyroptosis, and CD8+ T-cell antitumor activity via the non-canonical P53-STING-NF-κB signaling pathway, providing a novel strategy for the clinical therapy of melanoma and lung Cancer.

Keywords

Lung Cancer; Melanoma.

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