Gallopamil. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in ischaemic heart disease

Gallopamil is a methoxy derivative of verapamil. As is typical of the phenylalkylamine class of calcium antagonists, it acts on the vascular system, and on the heart and its nodal structures. In the treatment of stable angina pectoris, gallopamil is at least as effective as nifedipine and diltiazem, though apparently better tolerated than nifedipine. Typical of calcium antagonists there is little or no tolerance to the antiischaemic effects of gallopamil. Preliminary studies indicate that gallopamil, like other calcium antagonists, has cardioprotective potential. However, further investigation is required to explore the clinical relevance of the improved myocardial regional perfusion and free fatty acid utilisation in reversibly ischaemic regions, and the potential of delayed ischaemia during angioplasty that is observed during gallopamil administration. Gallopamil is well tolerated, exhibiting a low propensity for causing cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse effects, thus making it a suitable alternative to other calcium antagonists for the treatment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.