Spontaneous nitric oxide release accounts for the potent pharmacological actions of FK409

(+-)-(E)-Ethyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexeneamide (FK409), which was isolated from microbial products, has been reported to show a vasorelaxant effect through a mechanism similar to that of the organic nitrates such as isosorbide dinitrate. In solution at pH 7.4, FK409 decomposed and released nitric oxide (NO) spontaneously, while isosorbide dinitrate did not. In in vitro biological tests, FK409 inhibited norepinephrine-induced contraction in rat isolated aorta more potently than did isosorbide dinitrate (ED50 = 1.0 and 310 nM, respectively) and ADP-induced human platelet aggregation (IC50 = 0.75 and > 100 microM, respectively). Nitrite/nitrate was recovered in urine accumulated for 24 h after collection from rats given FK409 or isosorbide dinitrate (10 mg/kg p.o.). FK409 (10 mg/kg p.o.) increased the plasma cyclic GMP level and at the same time decreased the mean blood pressure in conscious rats, while isosorbide dinitrate (10 mg/kg p.o.) did not change these parameters significantly. These results suggest that FK409 produces these pharmacological actions via spontaneously released NO, unlike isosorbide dinitrate, and has a possibility of becoming a unique orally active drug for cardiovascular diseases as a new NO donor.