Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide-d4 

Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide-d₄ is deuterated labeled Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide (HY-135582). Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide is a primary metabolite of Raloxifene. Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide formation is mediated mostly by UGT1A10 and UGT1A8. Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide binds to estrogen receptor with an IC₅₀ of 370 μM. ^[1][2]. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Raloxifene activates TGFβ3 promoter as a full agonist at nanomolar concentrations, and inhibits the estrogen response element-containing vitellogenin promoter expression^[3].

Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. Deuteration has gained attention because of its potential to affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs^[1].
Expressed UGT1A8 catalyzes Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide with an apparent K_m of 59 μM and a V_max of 2.0 nmol/min/mg. Based on rates of Raloxifene glucuronidation and known extrahepatic expression, UGT1A8 and 1A10 appear to be primary contributors to Raloxifene glucuronidation in human jejunum microsomes. For human liver microsomes, the variability of Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide formation is 4-fold. Treatment of expressed UGTs with alamethicin results in minor increases in enzyme activity, whereas in human intestinal microsomes, maximal increases of 9-fold for the Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide are observed. Intrinsic clearance values in intestinal microsomes are 95 μl/min/mg for the Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

653.73

C₃₄H₃₁D₄NO₁₀S

1279033-52-1

182507-22-8

O=C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])N2CCCCC2)C3=C(C4=CC=C(C=C4)O[C@@H]5O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]5O)O)O)C(O)=O)SC6=CC(O)=CC=C63

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019 Feb;53(2):211-216.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Izgelov D, et al. The Effect of Piperine Pro-Nano Lipospheres on Direct Intestinal Phase II Metabolism: The Raloxifene Paradigm of Enhanced Oral Bioavailability. Mol Pharm. 2018 Apr 2;15(4):1548-1555.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Kemp DC, et al. Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation in vitro: contribution of intestinal metabolism to presystemic clearance. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Jun;30(6):694-700.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Yang NN, et al. Estrogen and raloxifene stimulate transforming growth factor-beta 3 gene expression in rat bone: a potential mechanism for estrogen- or raloxifene-mediated bone maintenance. Endocrinology. 1996 May;137(5):2075-84.  [Content Brief]