MIP-2/CXCL2 Protein, Mouse (His-SUMO)

CXCL2, also called Gro-beta or MIP-2, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with chemotactic activities on neutrophils. CXCL2 is produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils and expressed at sites of inflammation. CXCL2 is involved in many immune responses including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis^[1][2]. MIP-2/CXCL2 Protein, Mouse (His-SUMO) is produced in E. coli with a N-Terminal His-tag and a N-Terminal SUMO-tag. It consists of 73 amino acids (A28-N100).

CXCL2 is a chemokine induced by endotoxin and serves as an extremely potent chemo-attractant for neutrophils, acting as a crucial inflammatory mediator. CXCL2 could be produced by multiple, different cell types, including macrophages and cancer cells. CXCL2 is involved in cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and wound healing^[1][4][5].
The amino acid sequence of human CXCL2 protein has low homology between mouse and rat CXCL2 protein.
CXCL2 is 90% identical in amino acid sequence as a related chemokine, CXCL1. The gene for CXCL2 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines. CXCL2 binds to the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR2 (IL-8RB) expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells and its classical function is to act as chemotactic factors attracting neutrophils to sites of injury^[2][3].
In enterocytes, LPS induces CXCL2 expression and promotes migration of neutrophils in a model of platelet-activating factor induced shock and bowel injury. In acute lung injury, CXCR2 ligands, including CXCL1/2/3, have chemotactic effects for polymorphonuclear leukocytes^[4]. CXCL2 could provoke a dose-dependent increase of colorectal tumor cell migration in vitro. Further, according to Bachmeier et al., CXCL-1 and −2 silencing could down-regulate several metastasis-promoting genes and inhibit the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells^[5].

Determined by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro-B cells transfected with Human CXCR2 .The ED₅₀ for this effect is 4.143 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.41×10⁵ U/mg.

Mouse

E. coli

N-His;N-SUMO

P10889 (A28-N100)

20310  [NCBI]

Approximately 30 kDa

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 0.1% TFA, pH 2.9. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween 80 are added as protectants before lyophilization.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O.

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Laila A Al-Alwan, et al. Differential roles of CXCL2 and CXCL3 and their receptors in regulating normal and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell migration. J Immunol. 2013 Sep 1;191(5):2731-41.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Louis M Pelus, et al. Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: the CXCR2 ligand GRObeta rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells with enhanced engraftment properties. Exp Hematol. 2006 Aug;34(8):1010-20.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Aimalie L Hardaway, et al. Marrow adipocyte-derived CXCL1 and CXCL2 contribute to osteolysis in metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2015 Apr;32(4):353-68.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Jeongim Ha, et al. CXCL2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-primed precursors. Cytokine. 2011 Jul;55(1):48-55.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Yu Lu, et al. Type conversion of secretomes in a 3D TAM2 and HCC cell co-culture system and functional importance of CXCL2 in HCC. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 27;6:24558.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Sagar Paudel, et al. CXCL1 regulates neutrophil homeostasis in pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3. Blood. 2019 Mar 21;133(12):1335-1345.  [Content Brief]