MIP-2/CXCL2 Protein, Mouse

CXCL2, also called Gro-beta or MIP-2, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with chemotactic activities on neutrophils. CXCL2 is produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils and expressed at sites of inflammation. CXCL2 is involved in many immune responses including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis^[1][2]. MIP-2/CXCL2 Protein, Mouse is produced in E. coli, and consists of 74 amino acids (A27-N100).

CXCL2 is a chemokine induced by endotoxin and serves as an extremely potent chemo-attractant for neutrophils, acting as a crucial inflammatory mediator. CXCL2 could be produced by multiple, different cell types, including macrophages and cancer cells. CXCL2 is involved in cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and wound healing^[1][4][5].
The amino acid sequence of human CXCL2 protein has low homology between mouse and rat CXCL2 protein.
CXCL2 is 90% identical in amino acid sequence as a related chemokine, CXCL1. The gene for CXCL2 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines. CXCL2 binds to the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR2 (IL-8RB) expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells and its classical function is to act as chemotactic factors attracting neutrophils to sites of injury^[2][3].
In enterocytes, LPS induces CXCL2 expression and promotes migration of neutrophils in a model of platelet-activating factor induced shock and bowel injury. In acute lung injury, CXCR2 ligands, including CXCL1/2/3, have chemotactic effects for polymorphonuclear leukocytes^[4]. CXCL2 could provoke a dose-dependent increase of colorectal tumor cell migration in vitro. Further, according to Bachmeier et al., CXCL-1 and −2 silencing could down-regulate several metastasis-promoting genes and inhibit the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells^[5].

1. The ED₅₀ is <1 ng/mL as measured by CHO-K1/Gα15/mCXCR2 cells (human Gα15 and mouse CXCR2 stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells).
2. Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The ED₅₀ this effect is 24.09 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 41511 units/mg.

• 
  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells.  The ED₅₀ for this effect is 24.09 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 41511 units/mg.

Mouse

E. coli

Tag Free

P10889 (G27-N100)

20310  [NCBI]

GAVVASELRCQCLKTLPRVDFKNIQSLSVTPPGPHCAQTEVIATLKGGQKVCLDPEAPLVQKIIQKILNKGKAN

Approximately 10 kDa

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS or 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Laila A Al-Alwan, et al. Differential roles of CXCL2 and CXCL3 and their receptors in regulating normal and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell migration. J Immunol. 2013 Sep 1;191(5):2731-41.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Chaochao Q, et al. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2 in High Mobility Group Box 1 Secretion of Macrophage Cells Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;42(3):913-928.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Louis M Pelus, et al. Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: the CXCR2 ligand GRObeta rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells with enhanced engraftment properties. Exp Hematol. 2006 Aug;34(8):1010-20.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Aimalie L Hardaway, et al. Marrow adipocyte-derived CXCL1 and CXCL2 contribute to osteolysis in metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2015 Apr;32(4):353-68.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Jeongim Ha, et al. CXCL2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-primed precursors. Cytokine. 2011 Jul;55(1):48-55.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Yu Lu, et al. Type conversion of secretomes in a 3D TAM2 and HCC cell co-culture system and functional importance of CXCL2 in HCC. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 27;6:24558.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Sagar Paudel, et al. CXCL1 regulates neutrophil homeostasis in pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3. Blood. 2019 Mar 21;133(12):1335-1345.  [Content Brief]