S100A9 Protein, Human (His)

The S100A9 protein is a calcium and zinc binder that plays a critical regulatory role in inflammation and immune responses. Its diverse functions include induction of neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, enhanced bactericidal activity through SYK, PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 activation, and promotion of phagocytosis. S100A9 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived S100A9 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.

S100A9, a calcium- and zinc-binding protein, plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammatory processes and immune responses. Its diverse functions include inducing neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, and enhancing the bactericidal activity of neutrophils through SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 activation, as well as promoting phagocytosis. Often found in the form of calprotectin (S100A8/A9), it serves intra- and extracellular roles, including facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and NADPH-oxidase activation intracellularly. Extracellularly, it exhibits pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging, and apoptosis-inducing activities, recruiting leukocytes, promoting cytokine and chemokine production, and regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration. Functioning as an alarmin or DAMP molecule, S100A9 stimulates innate immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER), activating MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways. With antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, it likely acts by chelating Zn(2+), essential for microbial growth. S100A9 can induce cell death through autophagy and apoptosis via mitochondrial-lysosomal cross-talk involving BNIP3 and regulates neutrophil number and apoptosis, acting as an anti-apoptotic factor. Its role as an oxidant scavenger protects against tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Notably, S100A9 can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity, cancer development, and tumor spread. It also exhibits transnitrosylase activity, contributing to S-nitrosylation of various targets, and forms complexes with other proteins, such as the iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex, indicating its multifaceted involvement in immune regulation and inflammatory responses.

Measured by its ability to induce CXCL1/KC secretion by C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells.The ED₅₀ for this effect is ≤4.506 μg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is ≥221.93 units/mg.

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  Measured by its ability to induce CXCL1/KC secretion by C3H10T1/2 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells.The ED₅₀ for this effect is 4.506 μg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 221.93 units/mg.

Human

E. coli

N-6*His

P06702 (T2-P114)

6280  [NCBI]

TCKMSQLERNIETIINTFHQYSVKLGHPDTLNQGEFKELVRKDLQNFLKKENKNEKVIEHIMEDLDTNADKQLSFEEFIMLMARLTWASHEKMHEGDEGPGHHHKPGLGEGTP

Approximately 15-16 kDa as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE;
Approximately 30-32 kDa as determined by non-reducing SDS-PAGE.

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  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris-HCL, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4, 5% trehalose, 5% mannitol and 0.01% Tween 80 or 50 mM Tris-HCL, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose, 8% mannitol and 0.02% Tween80 or PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O.

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.