Valproic acid (sodium)  (Synonyms: Sodium Valproate (sodium))

Valproic acid (Sodium Valproate) sodium is an orally active HDAC inhibitor, with IC₅₀ in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC₅₀, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid sodium activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic disease, HIV infection and prevention of migraine headaches^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}.

IC₅₀: 400 μM (HDAC1), 0.5-2 mM (HDAC)^[5] HDAC2^[6]

Valproic acid (VPA) (0-15 mM; 24 and 72 h) inhibits Hela cell growth in a dose- and time- dependent manner^[1].
Valproic acid (10 mM; 24 h) significantly attenuates the activities of total, cytosol and nuclear HDACs^[1].
Valproic acid (0-15 mM; 24 h) induces a G1 phase arrest at 1–3 mM and a G2/M phase arrest at 10 mM, and increases the percentage of sub-G1 cells in HeLa cells. Valproic acid also induces necrosis, apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release^[1].
Valproic acid (0-20 mM; 24 h) activates Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription and synergizes with lithium^[2].
Valproic acid (0-5 mM; 0-18 h) increases β-catenin levels in Neuro2A cells^[2].
Valproic acid (0-2 mM; 0-24 h) stimulates phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in hepatocytes^[5].
Valproic acid (0-10 mM; 2 days) induces Notch1 signaling and morphologic differentiation, suppresses production of NE tumor markers in SCLC cells^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Valproic acid (VPA) (500 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 12 days) inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mice transplanted with Kasumi-1 cells^[3].
Valproic acid (350 mg/kg; i.p.; once) enhances social behavior in rats^[4].
Valproic acid (0.26% (w/v); p.o. via drinking water; 14 days) decreases liver mass, hepatic fat accumulation, and serum glucose in obese mice without hepatotoxicity^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

166.19

C₈H₁₅NaO₂

1069-66-5

O=C(O[Na])C(CCC)CCC

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. Han BR, et al. Valproic acid inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis. Oncol Rep. 2013 Dec;30(6):2999-3005.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Valproic acid, et al. Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 28;276(39):36734-41.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Zhang ZH, et al. Valproic acid inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mice transplanted with Kasumi 1 leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Nov 28.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Cohen OS, et al. Acute prenatal exposure to a moderate dose of valproic acid increases social behavior and alters gene expression in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2013 Dec;31(8):740-50.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Avery LB, et al. Valproic Acid Is a Novel Activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Decreases Liver Mass, Hepatic Fat Accumulation, and Serum Glucose in Obese Mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Jan;85(1):1-10.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Platta CS, et al. Valproic acid induces Notch1 signaling in small cell lung cancer cells. J Surg Res. 2008 Jul;148(1):31-7.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Routy JP, et al. Valproic acid in association with highly active antiretroviral therapy for reducing systemic HIV-1 reservoirs: results from a multicentre randomized clinical study. HIV Med. 2012 May;13(5):291-6.  [Content Brief]