2. Signaling Pathways
  3. PI3K/Akt/mTOR
    Stem Cell/Wnt
  4. GSK-3

GSK-3

Glycogen synthase kinase-3; Glycogen synthase kinase 3

GSK-3

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Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase consisting of two isoforms, alpha and beta. It is a highly conserved negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase, cytokine, and Wnt signaling pathways. Stimulation of these pathways inhibits GSK-3 to modulate diverse downstream effectors that include transcription factors, nutrient sensors, glycogen synthesis, mitochondrial function, circadian rhythm, and cell fate. GSK-3 also regulates alternative splicing in response to T-cell receptor activation, and recent phosphoproteomic studies have revealed that multiple splicing factors and regulators of RNA biosynthesis are phosphorylated in a GSK-3-dependent manner.

The malfunction or aberrant activity of GSK-3 leads to several of disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative pathologies, and other type of diseases as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. GSK-3 is also related to innate immune response against pathogens, which makes GSK-3 an excellent target for therapeutic intervention.

GSK-3 Isoform Specific Products:

GSK-3 Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-121035
    7BIO
    		Inhibitor 99.20%
    7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) is the derivate of indirubin. 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) has inhibitory effects against cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) inhibits Aβ oligomer-induced neuroinflammation, synaptic impairments, tau hyper-phosphorylation, activation of astrocytes and microglia, and attenuates Aβ oligomer-induced cognitive impairments in mice[1].
    7BIO
  • HY-14679
    GSK3β inhibitor II
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    GSK3β inhibitor II is an inhibitor of GSK3β. GSK3β inhibitor II can be used for research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
    GSK3β inhibitor II
  • HY-126144
    GSK-3β inhibitor 1
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    GSK-3β inhibitor 1 (compound 3a) inhibits GSK-3β with an IC50 of 4.19 nM. GSK-3β inhibitor 1 demonstrates high antidiabetic efficacy in obese Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-treated rats.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 1
  • HY-112388
    GSK-3b Inhibitor XI
    		Inhibitor 99.10%
    GSK-3b Inhibitor XI (Compound 33) is a potent and selective GSK3β inhibitor, with a Ki value of 25 nM. GSK-3b Inhibitor XI increases glycogen synthase (GS) activity. GSK-3b Inhibitor XI can be used for research on type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.
    GSK-3b Inhibitor XI
  • HY-B0712A
    Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.25%
    Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate (Ro 13-9904 sodium hydrate) is a broad spectrum β-lactam third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which has good antibacterial activity against a variety of gram-negative and positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate is a covalent inhibitor of GSK3β with IC50 value of 0.78 μM. Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate is an inhibitor of Aurora B. Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate has anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant activities. Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate can be used in the study of bacterial infections and meningitis.
    Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate
  • HY-111055
    BIP-135
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    BIP-135 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive GSK-3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 16 nM and 21 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively. BIP 135 exhibits neuroprotective effect.
    BIP-135
  • HY-111930
    5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime
    		Inhibitor 99.50%
    5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime is a potent GSK-3β, CDK5/P25 and CDK1/cyclin B inhibitor, competing with ATP for binding to the catalytic site of the kinase, with IC50s of 9, 20 and 25 nM, respectively.
    5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime
  • HY-147134
    GSK-3β inhibitor 10
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    GSK-3β inhibitor 10 (compound 14a) is a highly potent GSK-3β inhibitor with an IC50 value of 80.5 nM. GSK-3β inhibitor 10 can be used for researching Alzheimer’s disease.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 10
  • HY-153166
    PT-65
    		Degrader 98.4%
    PT-65 is a potent and selective GSK3 PROTAC degrader with the highest degradation capacity of GSK3α (DC50= 28.3 nM) and GSK3β (DC50= 34.2 nM) in SH-SY5Y cells. PT-65 can be used in Alzheimer's disease research.(Pink: GSK3 inhibitor (HY-15761); Black: linker; Blue: CRBN Ligand (HY-10984))
    PT-65
  • HY-N12625
    (R)-(+)-O-Demethylbuchenavianine
    		Inhibitor 98.67%
    (R)-(+)-O-Demethylbuchenavianine is an inhibitor for Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). (R)-(+)-O-Demethylbuchenavianine inhibits CDK1, CDK5, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), cdc2-like kinase (CLK1) and dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), with IC50s of 1.1, 0.95, >10, >10 and >10 μM, respectively.
    (R)-(+)-O-Demethylbuchenavianine
  • HY-149845
    PROTAC GSK-3β Degrader-1
    		Degrader
    PROTAC GSK-3β Degrader-1 (compound 1) is a degrader targets GSK-3β degradation with an IC50 value of 833 nM. PROTAC GSK-3β Degrader-1 contains SB-216763 (a GSK-3β inhibitor), a PEG linker and a CRBN (E3 ligase liand). PROTAC GSK-3β Degrader-1 reduces the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ25-35 peptide and CuSO4. PROTAC GSK-3β Degrader-1 can be used to research in Alzheimer's disease.
    PROTAC GSK-3β Degrader-1
  • HY-Q48328
    GSK3-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    GSK3-IN-1 (compound 11) is a GSK-3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 12 μM. GSK3-IN-1 can be used in the research of diabetes.
    GSK3-IN-1
  • HY-103381
    NSC693868
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    NSC693868 is a selective inhibitor of CDK1 and CDK5 with IC50s of 600 nM and 400 nM, respectively. NSC693868 less potently inhibits GSK3β with an IC50 of 1 µM) and does not block CDC25 activity. NSC693868 is used to help define the roles of CDK1 and CDK5 in various signaling pathways.
    NSC693868
  • HY-134622
    GSK-3/CDK5/CDK2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.10%
    GSK-3/CDK5/CDK2-IN-1, an imidazole derivative, is an inhibitor of cdk5, cdk2, and GSK-3 extracted from patent WO2002010141A1, example 9a. GSK-3/CDK5/CDK2-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
    GSK-3/CDK5/CDK2-IN-1
  • HY-P2558
    GSK3 Substrate, α, β subunit
    		99.87%
    GSK3 Substrate, α, β subunit is peptide substrate for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and can be used to measure GSK-3 activity.
    GSK3 Substrate, α, β subunit
  • HY-120902
    GSK-3β inhibitor 8
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    GSK-3β inhibitor 8, a thiophenacil derivative, is an effective and selective inhibitor of GSK-3β (IC50=64 nM). GSK-3β inhibitor 8 negatively regulated Wnt signaling pathway and stimulated β cell proliferation.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 8
  • HY-124607
    (R)-BRD3731
    		Inhibitor 98.22%
    (R)-BRD3731 is a GSK3 inhibitor extracted from patent US20160375006A1, compound example 273, has IC50s of 1.05 and 6.7 μM for GSK3β and GSK3α, respectively.
    (R)-BRD3731
  • HY-131177
    yGsy2p-IN-H23
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    yGsy2p-IN-H23 is a potent and first-in-class inhibitor for yeast glycogen synthase 2 (yGsy2p) with an IC50 of 875 μM for human glycogen synthase 1 (hGYS1). yGsy2p-IN-H23 bounds within the uridine diphosphate glucose binding pocket of yGsy2p. yGsy2p-IN-H23 is used for the research of glycogen storage diseases (GSDs).
    yGsy2p-IN-H23
  • HY-162675
    COB-187
    		Inhibitor
    COB-187 is a potent, ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of GSK-3β. COB-187 inhibits GSK-3 through a reversible and Cysteine (Cys)-199-dependent mechanism. COB-187 inhibits LPS induced cytokine production and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced CXCL10 production.
    COB-187
  • HY-148132
    GSK-3β inhibitor 11
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    GSK-3β inhibitor 11 (compound 21) is a glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor (IC50=10.02 μM). GSK-3β inhibitor 11 can be used in neurodegenerative disease research.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 11
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download GSK-3 Signaling Pathway Map.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase found in all eukaryotes. GSK-3 is one of the few signaling mediators that play central roles in a diverse range of signaling pathways, including those activated by Wnt, PI3K, growth factors, cytokines, and ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. The PI3K pathway is known for regulating metabolism, cell growth, and cell survival. The PI3K activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth factor receptors. PI3K-mediated production of PIP3 leads to the activation of Akt. The activation of Akt leads to the phosphorylation of GSK-3, which is active in resting cells, but is inactivated by the phosphorylation. The GSK-3 has been linked to the regulation of an assembly of transcription factors, including β-catenin, NF-κB, c-Jun, CREB, and STAT. Thus, the altered activity of GSK-3 causes various effects on cytokine expression. 

 

In the absence of Wnt signaling, β-catenin is phosphorylated by CK1 and GSK-3. This phosphorylation leads to recognition by β-TrCP, leading to the ubiquitylation of β-catenin and degradation by the proteasome. Upon binding of a lipid-modified Wnt protein to the receptor complex, a signaling cascade is initiated. LRP is phosphorylated by CK1/CK2 and GSK-3, and Axin is recruited to the plasma membrane. The kinases in the β-catenin destruction complex are inactivated and β-catenin translocates to the nucleus to form an active transcription factor complex with TCF, leading to transcription of a large set of target genes.

 

Some endogenous growth factors could bind to and activate the tyrosine kinase receptor. This facilitates the recruitment of other proteins (SHC, SOS), which results in the activation of the ERK-MAPK cascade and the inhibition of GSK-3. GSK-3 exerts many cellular effects: it regulates cytoskeletal proteins, and is important in determining cell survival/cell death. GSK-3 has also been identified as a target for the actions of lithium. GSK-3 can inhibit glycogen synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDPG to glycogen[1][2].

 

Reference:

[1]. Brenner D, et al. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die.Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jun;15(6):362-74. 
[2]. Conrad M, et al. Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):348-66. 

GSK-3 Isoform Comparison

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