2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Paraptosis

Paraptosis

Paraptosis is characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolation and the absence of chromatin condensation and cell fragmentation[1]. It is usually associated with mitochondrial and/or ER swelling. Paraptosis is independent of caspase activation; it is accompanied by an alteration of Ca2+ and redox homeostasis and depends on mitogen-activated protein kinase family members. Paraptosis can be inhibited by the multifunctional adapter protein AIP-1/Alix, by translation inhibitor cycloheximide, or RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D. Paraptosis can be induced by PDT based on hypericin, the pyropheophorbide, photofrin, and benzoporphyrin derivative, but its immunogenic properties are not known yet[2]. Paraapoptosis plays an important biological role in many disease models such as cancer and neurodegenerative cell death[3][4].

Paraptosis Related Products (8):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-19625
    MCB-613
    		Inducer 99.95%
    MCB-613 is a potent Steroid receptor coactivator SRC small molecule ‘stimulator’ (SMS), super-stimulates SRCs’ transcriptional activity. MCB-613 increases SRCs’ interactions with other coactivators and markedly induces ER stress coupled to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MCB-613 is a SMS that target oncogenes can be exploited as anti-cancer agents by over-stimulating the SRC oncogenic program.
    MCB-613
  • HY-115901
    4-PQBH
    		99.08%
    4-PQBH is a potent Nur77 binder (KD=1.17 μM). 4-PQBH extensively induces caspase-independent cytoplasmic vacuolization and paraptosis through Nur77-mediated ER stress and autophagy. 4-PQBH can be used for cancer research.
    4-PQBH
  • HY-156242
    BQZ-485
    		Inducer
    BQZ-485 is a a potent GDI2 inhibitor through the interaction with Tyr245. BQZ-485 disrupts the intrinsic GDI2-Rab1A interaction, thereby abolishing vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and initiating subsequent paraptosis events.
    BQZ-485
  • HY-155719
    fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3]
    		Inducer
    fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] (compound 3), the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl aqua complex, is an anticancer agent associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells with IC50=0.32 μM (PC-3 cells). fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] mainly accumulates in mitochondria, down-regulates ATP production in PC3 cells, and promotes paraptosis. However, fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] did not induce necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy.
    fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3]
  • HY-19625A
    (E/Z)-MCB-613
    		Inducer
    (E/Z)-MCB-613 is a pan-Steroid Receptor Coactivator (SRC) stimulator. (E/Z)-MCB-613 overstimulates SRC activity in cancer cells resulting in excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cell stress and death by a process called paraptosis. (E/Z)-MCB-613 is a cytotoxic molecule that plays an important role in cancer.
    (E/Z)-MCB-613
  • HY-129288
    GW837016X
    		Inhibitor
    GW837016X (NEU-391) is an orally active ErbB-2 kinase covalent inhibitor. GW837016X also is a potent antitrypanosome agent. GW837016X inhibits mitosis and cytokinesis.
    GW837016X
  • HY-157974
    [Ag(2,2′-bipy)(dppe)][CF3SO3]
    		Inducer
    [Ag(2,2′-bipy)(dppe)][CF3SO3] (compound 4) can induce cell paraptosis, and can be used for stusy of resistant ovarian cancer.
    [Ag(2,2′-bipy)(dppe)][CF3SO3]
  • HY-168538
    Antitrypanosomal agent 21
    		Inhibitor
    Antitrypanosomal agent 21 (Compound C-1) is a trypanosoma brucei inhibitor. Antitrypanosomal agent 21 decreases the level of D6XM23 in parasite lysates.
    Antitrypanosomal agent 21