2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0263R
    Thiabendazole (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Thiabendazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thiabendazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thiabendazole inhibits worm-specific fumarate reductase and has anthelmintic properties.
    Thiabendazole (Standard)
  • HY-141473
    Malonyl CoA tetralithium
    		Modulator
    Malonyl CoA (Malonyl coenzyme A) tetralithium is a substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl CoA tetralithium is also a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1.
    Malonyl CoA tetralithium
  • HY-N1441R
    Afzelin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Afzelin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Afzelin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)It is a flavonol glycoside that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress response, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cardiac cytotoxic effects. AfzelinIt can reduce mitochondrial damage, enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis, and reduce mitochondria-related proteins. Parkinand PTENinduced putative kinase 1 (putative kinase 1)s level. AfzelinCan be improved D-galactosamine(GalN)/LPSSurvival rate of mice treated with doxorubicin prophylaxis (HY-15142A)Induced cardiotoxicity and scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced neurological injury. AfzelinAlso inhibits asthma and allergies caused by ovalbumin.
    Afzelin (Standard)
  • HY-152202
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-3 is the fluorine derivative of Dalfopristin (HY-A0241). Mitochondrial respiration-IN-3 has cell membrane-permeable. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-3 can inhibit mitochondrial translation of glioblastoma stem cells. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-3 can be used in research of cancer.
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-3
  • HY-119909
    GNX-865
    		Inhibitor 98.09%
    GNX-865 is a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitor that protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo.
    GNX-865
  • HY-115946
    Complex III-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    Complex III-IN-2 (Compd 4d-2) is a complex III inhibitor. Complex III-IN-2 shows antifungal activity with an EC50 of 29.98 mg/L and 29.31 mg/L against sclerotinia sclerotiorum and R. solani, respectively.
    Complex III-IN-2
  • HY-115945
    Complex III-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Complex III-IN-1 (Compd 4c-2) is a complex III inhibitor. Complex III-IN-1 shows antifungal activity with an EC50 of 18.53 mg/L against sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
    Complex III-IN-1
  • HY-156109
    PDK-IN-2
    		Modulator
    PDK-IN-2 (Compound 1F) is a PDK inhibitor (IC50: 68 nM). PDK-IN-2 inhibits the cellular expression of PDK1 and PDK4. PDK-IN-2 enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics, attenuates glycolytic phenotypes, and induces cell apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway. PDK-IN-2 inhibits tumor growth in 4T1 syngeneic mice model.
    PDK-IN-2
  • HY-147816
    Anticancer agent 70
    		Inhibitor
    Anticancer agent 70 (Compound 21), an anticancer agent, exhibits remarkable cytotoxic activity against numerous human cancer cell lines. Anticancer agent 70 results in the G0/G1-cell cycle arrest with a concomitant increase in p53 and p21 protein levels. Anticancer agent 70 leads to ATP depletion and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
    Anticancer agent 70
  • HY-W402074
    5-Acetamide-Butenolide
    		Activator
    5-Acetamide-Butenolide (Butenolide) is a mycotoxin with pro-oxidant activity, which is found in Fusarium. 5-Acetamide-Butenolide disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. 5-Acetamide-Butenolide also induces the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in isolated rat myocardial mitochondria. 5-Acetamide-Butenolide increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreases the levels of GSH and reduces the viability of HepG2 cells.
    5-Acetamide-Butenolide
  • HY-B1334AS
    Perhexiline-d11 maleate
    		Inhibitor
    Perhexiline-d11 (maleate) is the deuterium labeled Perhexiline maleate. Perhexiline maleate is a potent carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT 1) inhibitor with IC50s of 77 and 148 μM for rat heart and liver CPT 1, respectively.
    Perhexiline-d<sub>11</sub> maleate
  • HY-B1836S
    Meldonium-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Meldonium-d3 is the deuterated form of Meldonium. Meldonium is a cardiovascular protective agent that competitively inhibits BBOX1 and OCTN2. The IC50 value of Mildronate against human recombinant BBOX is 34-62 μM, and the EC50 value against human OCTN2 is 21 μM. Meldonium is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor.
    Meldonium-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B1756R
    Rotenone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Rotenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rotenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
    Rotenone (Standard)
  • HY-168030
    hCAIX-IN-23
    hCAIX-IN-23 (Compound 27) is a human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitor with Ki values of 10.4 and 8.5 nM for hCA IX and hCA XII, respectively. In addition to inhibiting hCA activity, hCAIX-IN-23 releases NO, exhibiting dual antitumor activity. hCAIX-IN-23 induces apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial caspase activity and the ferroptosis pathway (ferroptosis) through the downregulation of hCA IX and iron-regulatory protein expression. hCAIX-IN-23 is useful for renal cancer research.
    hCAIX-IN-23
  • HY-145303
    DX2-201
    		Inhibitor
    DX2-201 is a potent and selective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I inhibitor with an IC50 of 312 nM. DX2-201 has anticancer effects.
    DX2-201
  • HY-N12887
    Mycothiazole
    		Inhibitor
    Mycothiazole is an inhibitor for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I. Mycothiazole exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells Huh7 (IC50 is 55.8 μM), U87 and MCF7. Mycothiazole induces apoptosis in Huh7. Mycothiazole utilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and heat shock response (HSR) pathway involved transcription factors ATFS-1 and HSF1, to extend the lifespan of C. elegans.
    Mycothiazole
  • HY-159910
    LH1513
    LH1513 is a dioxalate derivative of l-lysine (HY-N0469) that inhibits CaOx crystallization with better activity than citrate and pyruvate. LH1513 has potential preventive activity in hyperoxaluria models and effectively prevents urinary CaOx crystal formation in Agxt knockout mice. AGXT-1 is a mitochondrial protein involved in metabolism.
    LH1513
  • HY-159518
    ROS inducer 4
    		Inhibitor
    ROS inducer 4 (compound TE3) is a mitochondrial inhibitor. ROS inducer 4 causes a series of mitochondria-related physiological changes in tumors, such as mitochondrial fragmentation, explosive generation and accumulation of ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ATP content, and activation of ROS-mediated apoptotic signaling in mitochondria.
    ROS inducer 4
  • HY-121292
    Clidanac
    Clidanac is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Clidanac can uncouple the oxidative phosphorylation and can be used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis.
    Clidanac
  • HY-150772
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 is a dual tubulin and HDAC-IN-1 inhibitor through CH/π interaction with tubulin and hydrogen bond interaction with HDAC8. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 inhibits tubulin polymerization and selectively inhibits HDAC8 (IC50: 150 nM). Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 has cytotoxicity against various human cancer cells, also arrests cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induces cell apoptosis. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 can be used in the research of hematologic and solid tumors such as neuroblastoma, leukemia.
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity