Autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A

Definition:

Lipid transfer protein involved in autophagosome assembly. Tethers the edge of the isolation membrane (IM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mediates direct lipid transfer from ER to IM for IM expansion. Binds to the ER exit site (ERES), which is the membrane source for autophagosome formation, and extracts phospholipids from the membrane source and transfers them to ATG9 (ATG9A or ATG9B) to the IM for membrane expansion. Lipid transfer activity is enhanced by WIPI1 and WDR45/WIPI4, which promote ATG2A-association with phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P)-containing membranes. Also regulates lipid droplets morphology and distribution within the cell.

References:

[1]. Shintaro Maeda, et al. The autophagic membrane tether ATG2A transfers lipids between membranes. Elife. 2019 Jul 4;8:e45777. [Content Brief]

[2]. Diana P Valverde, et al. ATG2 transports lipids to promote autophagosome biogenesis. J Cell Biol. 2019 Jun 3;218(6):1787-1798. [Content Brief]

[3]. Daniela Bakula, et al. WIPI3 and WIPI4 β-propellers are scaffolds for LKB1-AMPK-TSC signalling circuits in the control of autophagy. Nat Commun. 2017 May 31;8:15637. [Content Brief]

[4]. Anoop Kumar G Velikkakath, et al. Mammalian Atg2 proteins are essential for autophagosome formation and important for regulation of size and distribution of lipid droplets. Mol Biol Cell. 2012 Mar;23(5):896-909. [Content Brief]

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