2. Academic Validation
  3. Regulation of IL-4 Expression in Immunity and Diseases

Regulation of IL-4 Expression in Immunity and Diseases

  • Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;941:31-77. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_3.
I-Cheng Ho 1,  Shi-Chuen Miaw 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. iho@partners.org.
  • 2 College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
PMID: 27734408 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_3
Abstract

IL-4 was first identified as a T cell-derived growth factor for B cells. Studies over the past several decades have markedly expanded our understanding of its cellular sources and function. In addition to T cells, IL-4 is produced by innate lymphocytes, such as NTK cells, and myeloid cells, such as basophils and mast cells. It is a signature cytokine of type 2 immune response but also has a nonimmune function. Its expression is tightly regulated at several levels, including signaling pathways, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, MicroRNA, and long noncoding RNA. This chapter will review in detail the molecular mechanism regulating the cell type-specific expression of IL-4 in physiological and pathological type 2 immune responses.

Keywords

Cytokine; Epigenetic; IL-4; Transcription; Type 2 immune response.

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