2. Academic Validation
  3. Pendimethalin induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction to trigger apoptosis in human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells

Pendimethalin induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction to trigger apoptosis in human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells

  • Histochem Cell Biol. 2018 Feb;149(2):127-141. doi: 10.1007/s00418-017-1622-0.
Sabiha M Ansari 1,  Quaiser Saquib 2,  Sabry M Attia 3,  Eslam M Abdel-Salam 1,  Hend A Alwathnani 1,  Mohammad Faisal 1,  Abdulrahman A Alatar 1,  Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy 4,  Javed Musarrat 5 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • 2 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. quaiser.saquib0@gmail.com.
  • 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • 4 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • 5 School of Biosciences and Biodiversity, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu And Kashmir, India.
  • 6 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, UP, India.
PMID: 29151145 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1622-0
Abstract

Pendimethalin (PM) is a dinitroaniline herbicide extensively applied against the annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds. There is no report available on PM-induced low-dose genotoxicity in human primary cells and in vivo test models. Such data gap has prompted us to evaluate the genotoxic potential of PM in human lymphocytes and rats. PM selectively binds in the minor groove of DNA by forming covalent bonds with G and C nitrogenous Bases, as well as with the ribose sugar. PM induces micronucleus formation (MN) in human lymphocytes, indicating its clastogenic potential. Comet assay data showed 35.6-fold greater DNA damage in PM (200 μM)-treated human lymphocytes. Rat bone-marrow cells, at the highest dose of 50 mg/kg b w/day of PM also exhibited 10.5-fold greater DNA damage. PM at 200 μM and 50 mg/kg b w/day induces 193.4 and 229% higher Reactive Oxygen Species generation in human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells. PM-treated human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells both showed dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m). PM exposure results in the appearance of 72.2 and 35.2% sub-G1 apoptotic peaks in human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells when treated with 200 μM and 50 mg/kg b w/day of PM. Rats exposed to PM also showed imbalance in antioxidant Enzymes and histological pathology. Overall, our data demonstrated the genotoxic and apoptotic potentials of PM in human and animal test models.

Keywords

Apoptosis; DNA damage; Genotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Pendimethalin; Pesticide.

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